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HKDSE Chemistry > S4 All Definitions > Flashcards

S4 All Definitions Flashcards

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1
Q

Element

A

A pure substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical methods.

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2
Q

Compound

A

A pure substance that consists of two or more elements chemically joined together.

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3
Q

Mixture

A

It is made up of two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are not chemically joined together.

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4
Q

Solute, solvent, solution

A

Solute + solvent = solution

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5
Q

Dilute solution

A

It contains a small amount of solute in a given volume of solution.

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6
Q

Concentrated solution

A

It contains a large amount of solute in a given volume of solution.

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7
Q

Saturated solution

A

It contains solute such that no more solute dissolved in the solution at the temperature.

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8
Q

Filtrate

A

Substances that pass through the filter paper in filtration.

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9
Q

Residue

A

Substances that are trapped on the filter paper in filtration.

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10
Q

Distillate

A

Liquid product condensed from vapour in distillation.

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11
Q

Physical change

A

A change in which no new substance is formed.

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12
Q

Chemical change

A

A change in which at least one new substance is formed.

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13
Q

Physical properties

A

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance.

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14
Q

Chemical properties

A

Properties that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition of the substance only when the substance undergoes a chemical change to form new substances.

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15
Q

Ores

A

Rocks containing minerals in concentrations that are high enough for economical extraction.

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16
Q

Effervescence

A

Bubbling / fizzing

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17
Q

Weathering

A

The process where rock is dissolved, worn away or broken down into smaller and smaller pieces.

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18
Q

Erosion

A

The process of moving weathered rock materials to another place by ice, water, wind, or gravity.

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19
Q

Atom

A

The smallest particle of an element that still has its chemical properties.

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20
Q

Brittle

A

Appears hard on the surface but breaks easily.

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21
Q

Malleable

A

Can be hammered into a shape

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22
Q

Ductile

A

Can be drawn into a wire

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23
Q

Metalloids

A

Elements that do not fit easily into metals or non-metals.

24
Q

Semi-conductor

A

Pure form does not conduct electricity, conductivity increases when impurity is added.

25
Q

Z

A

Atomic number

26
Q

Atomic number (Z)

A

Number of protons in an element.

27
Q

A

A

Mass number

28
Q

Mass number (A)

A

Sum of numbers of protons and neutrons of an atom.

29
Q

Isotopes

A

Difference atoms of an element which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

30
Q

Relative isotopic mass

A

Mass of an isotope of an element, relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

31
Q

Relative atomic mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an element taking in to account the relative abundance of isotopes in a naturally occurring sample of the element, relative to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

32
Q

Transition metals

A

Metals between group II and group III of the periodic table.

33
Q

Period number

A

Indicates the number of occupied electron shells on an atom of the element.

34
Q

Group number

A

Indicates the number of outermost shell electrons in an atom of the element.

35
Q

Alkali metals

A

Elements in group I

36
Q

Alkaline earth metals

A

Elements in group II

37
Q

Halogens

A

Elements in group VII

38
Q

Noble gases

A

Elements in group 0

39
Q

Chemically inert

A

Rarely react with other substances

40
Q

Monoatomic ion

A

Formed when one atom loses or gains one or more electrons.

41
Q

Cation

A

Positive ion

42
Q

Anion

A

Negative ion

43
Q

Cation (+)

A

Formed when an atom of a metal (/ hydrogen) loses one or more outermost shell electrons.

44
Q

Anion (-)

A

Formed when an atom of a non-metal gains one or more outermost shell electrons.

45
Q

Charge of monoatomic cation

A

Group number of the element

46
Q

Charge of monoatomic anion

A

8 - group number of the element

47
Q

Conductors

A

Substances which conduct electricity but are not chemically changed during electrical conduction.

48
Q

Electrolytes

A

Substances which conduct electricity in molten state or aqueous solution but not in solid state, and are decomposed during the conduction.

49
Q

Non-conductors

A

Substances that do not conduct electricity in solid, molten state, or aqueous solution.

50
Q

Ionic bond

A

The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.

51
Q

Ionic bond formation

A

Electrons are transferred from one atom (a group of atoms) to another (or group of atoms).

52
Q

Oxoanion

A

Polyatomic anion with oxygen

53
Q

Polyatomic ions

A

Ione formed from a group of atoms

54
Q

Chemical formula

A

A way to represent a chemical substance by using symbols and numbers.

55
Q

Delocalised electrons

A

Outermost shell electrons of atoms of metals that become free and move randomly throughout the metal.

56
Q

Metallic bond

A

The strong electrostatic forces of attraction between positive metal ions and a “sea” of delocalised electrons.

HKDSE Chemistry (28 decks)

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