29: Naming and Physical Properties of Carbon Compounds

Question 1

What is the name of the functional group of alkanes?

Answer 1

There is no functional group since all bonds in alkane molecules are carbon-hydrogen single bonds or carbon-carbon single bonds.

Question 2

What is the general formula of alkanes?

Answer 2

C_nH_2n+2

Question 3

What is the name of the functional group of alkenes?

Answer 3

Carbon-carbon double bond

Question 4

What is the general formula of alkenes?

Answer 4

C_nH_2n

Question 5

What is the suffix of alkenes?

Answer 5

-ene

Question 6

What is the name of the functional group of haloalkanes?

Answer 6

Carbon-halogen single bond (-X, where X is a halogen)

Question 7

What is the general formula of haloalkanes?

Answer 7

RX, where X is a halogen.

Question 8

What is the prefix of haloalkanes?

Answer 8

fluoro- / chloro- / bromo- / iodo-

Question 9

What is the name of the functional group of alcohols?

Answer 9

Hydroxyl group

Question 10

What is the general formula of alcohols?

Answer 10

ROH

Question 11

What is the suffix of alcohols?

Answer 11

-ol

Question 12

What is the name of the functional group of aldehydes?

Answer 12

Carbonyl group

Question 13

What is the general formula of aldehydes?

Answer 13

(H or R)CHO

Question 14

What is the suffix of aldehydes?

Answer 14

-al

Question 15

What is the name of the functional group of ketones?

Answer 15

Carbonyl group

Question 16

What is the general formula of ketones?

Answer 16

R₁COR₂

Question 17

What is the suffix of ketones?

Answer 17

-one

Question 18

What is the name of the functional group of carboxylic acids?

Answer 18

Carboxyl group

Question 19

What is the general formula of carboxylic acids?

Answer 19

(H or R)COOH

Question 20

What is the suffix of carboxylic acids?

Answer 20

-oic acid / -dioic acid

Question 21

What is the name of the functional group of esters?

Answer 21

Ester group

Question 22

What is the general formula of esters?

Answer 22

(H or R₁)COOR₂

Question 23

What is the suffix of esters?

Answer 23

-yl -oate

Question 24

What is the name of the functional group of unsubstituted amides?

Answer 24

Amide functional group

Question 25

What is the formula of the functional group of unsubstituted amides?

Answer 25

CONH₂

Question 26

What is the general formula of unsubstituted amides?

Answer 26

(H or R)CONH₂

Question 27

What is the suffix of unsubstituted amides?

Answer 27

-amide

Question 28

What is the name of the functional group of primary amines?

Answer 28

Amine functional group

Question 29

What is the formula of the functional group of primary amines?

Answer 29

NH₂

Question 30

What is the general formula of primary amines?

Answer 30

RNH₂

Question 31

What is the suffix of primary amines?

Answer 31

-amine

Question 32

What are the trends of boiling points within a homologous series?

Answer 32

As the carbon chain length increases, the boiling points increase as the number of electrons per molecule increases, which results in stronger van der Waals’ forces between the molecules. More energy is needed to overcome the van der Waals’ forces and separate the molecules.

Question 33

What are the trends of water solubility within a homologous series?

Answer 33

If the functional group is able to interact with water, it will favour the solubility. However, the carbon skeleton is non-polar, and it does not help the solubility of the compound in water. Long carbon chains can counteract any solubility-favouring effect of the functional group, resulting in a decrease of solubility of carbon compounds of the same homologous series with increasing chain length.

Question 34

What are the factors affecting the physical properties of a carbon compound?

Answer 34

The functional group it contains and the length of the carbon chain in the molecule.