S3L3: Biopsychosocial Model of Pain, Pain Physiology & Gate Control Theory Flashcards
Modified T/G
A. Traditional model of pain correlates tissue damage to pain sensations
B. It works for both acute and chronic pain
TF
Works for acute pain but doesn’t necessarily expound how it affects chronic pain
T/F
Traditional model of pain is unable to explain other examples of pain where no damage could be found
T
T/F
In biopsychosocial model, physical factors interact with personal & environmental factors to affect body function & structure, activity, &
participation in life activities aside from the pain itself
True
Modified T/F
A. Chronic pain syndrome refers to when pts have developed extensive pain behaviors
B. It is considered to be both a symptom and disease
TF
Can be considered a disease rather than a symptom
Modified T/F
A. Chronic pain syndrome has multiple contributing factors & causes
B. Hence, during intervention one should address secondary pathology & perpetuating factors for the pt to recover
TT
T/F
Treatment of chronic pain syndrome should address peripheral & central
sensitization, disinhibition, anxiety, catastrophizing, fear avoidance, etc because it affects all aspects of life
True
Modified T/F
A. According to the Integrated Biobehavioral approach, chronic pain is primarily nociceptive
B. Mechanical, thermal, chemical, & free nerve endings in the periphery transmit information about noxious stimuli via different nerves
FT
acute pain is primarily nociceptive
Modified T/F
A. Different brain areas process different types of pain include SI Somatosensory cortex for recognition, learning, & memory of pain events
B. It also includes SII somatosensory cortex for sensory discriminatory aspect of pain
FF
SI Somatosensory Cortex
■ Sensory discriminatory aspect of pain
SII Somatosensory Cortex
■ Recognition, learning, & memory of pain events
Modified T/F
A. Anterior cingulate cortex processes pain & unpleasantness
B. Posterior cingulate cortex contributes to affect, cognition, & response selection
TF
B also refers to anterior cingulate cortex
Modified T/F
A. Insula mediates somatic responses to noxious
stimulation
B. It also processes the affective component of pain related to memory & learning
FT
Mediates autonomic responses to noxious
stimulation
Modified T/F
A. Pain neuromatrix is a complex network of synaptic links initially determined by sensory inputs
B. Synaptic links are modified by psychological inputs both before & during the pain experience and genetics as well
FF
A. Complex network of synaptic links initially determined by genetics
B. Synaptic links are modified by psychological & sensory inputs both before & during the pain experience
T/F
According to the integrated biobehavioral approach, pain is a complex web of interactions modulated by both current & previous physical & psychological states
False
According to pain neuromatrix
Modified T/F
A. Gate control theory is proposed by Melzack & Wall
B. It discuss how a non-painful stimulus can decrease the perception of pain
TT
Which physiological mechanism assists wounded athletes and soldiers in pushing through physical exertion without experiencing the sensation of pain?
Descending control
How is the Gate Control Theory modulated within the nervous system, particularly through which neurotransmitter and neural connections?
mediated norepinephrine & **descending
noradrenergic **connections
Which anatomical structure is primarily associated with dorsal inhibitory pathways?
A) Ventral horn
B) Lateral corticospinal tract
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Dorsal funiculus
D) Dorsal funiculus
Which neurotransmitter is typically NOT secreted by dorsal inhibitory pathways in the dorsal horn?
A) Noradrenaline
B) Acetylcholine
C) Serotonin
D) Dopamine
D) Dopamine
■ Noradrenaline
■ Acetylcholine
■ Serotonin
■ Glycine
Modified T/F
A. Descending inhibitory factors modify activity of the pain pathways in all levels of the nervous system.
B. Opioid sensitivity can be reversed by naloxone (opioid antagonist)
TT
T/F
Placebo, antidepressants, and anticonvulsants all modulate pain through enhancing descending inhibition
True
Which of the following structures is NOT typically involved in the descending inhibitory factors of the brain, based on the given information?
A) Hippocampus
B) Amygdala
C) Periaqueductal grey area (PAG)
D) Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)
E) A & D
A) Hippocampus
○ Hypothalamus
○ Amygdala
○ Periaqueductal grey area (PAG)
○ Rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM)
Which brain structure is NOT typically associated with mediating the nocebo effect?
A) Caudal anterior cingulate cortex
B) Head of the caudate
C) Cerebrum
D) Contralateral cuneiform nucleus
C) Cerebrum
Among the listed brain regions, which one plays a key role in mediating the nocebo effect?
A) Caudal anterior cingulate cortex
B) Body of the caudate
C) Cerebrum
D) Ipsilateral cuneiform nucleus
A) Caudal anterior cingulate cortex
