S2L3: Thyroid, Adrenal Disorders, and Other Metabolic Conditions Flashcards
This condition can cause the production of large amounts of diluted urine from drinking excessive amounts of fluids
Diabetes Insipidus
Modified T/F
A. Renal resistance to vasopressin causes central diabetes insipidus
B. Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is caused by lack of vasopressin production/secretion
FF
Central diabetes insipidus - Lack of Vasopressin production or secretion
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus - Renal resistance to Vasopressin
Modified T/F:
A. Excessive hypotonic urine is a symptom of central diabetes, insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and primary polydipsia
B. Central diabetes insipidus is caused by excessive fluid intake
TF
Primary polydipsia is caused by excessive fluid intake
True or False
Primary polydipsia can be caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hippocampus.
False
Primary polydipsia can be caused by damage to the thirst-regulating mechanism in the hypothalamus.
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Occurs due to insulin resistance
(i.e. when the body does not
respond well to insulin)
Type 2
T/F
Diabetes insipidus is also known as Primary Polydipsia, Dipsogenic diabetes insipidus
True
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Genetic
Type 1
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Tends to develop at an older age
Type 2
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
“Patches” seen on arms
Type 1
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Can be prevented with lifestyle changes
Type 2
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Can be managed with lifestyle modifications alone if diagnosed early
Type 2
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Require insulin therapy
Type 1
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Sx of blurry vision, sores or wounds that heal slowly, & numbness & tingling sensation in hands & feet
Both
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Sx of frequent urination, increased thirst, extreme hunger, unintentional weight loss, fatigue
Both
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Cannot be prevented
Type 1
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Tends to develop at a young age
Type 1
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
Occurs when the pancreas is unable to produce enough insulin
Type 1
Diabetes Melltius: Type 1, Type 2 or Both
can benefit from lifestyle modifications such as a healthy diet, physical activity, blood sugar level monitoring, & management of
stress & other existing health conditions
Both
T/F:
Maple Syrup Urine Disease disrupts the metabolism of certain neurons that causes rapid degeneration of amino acids
False
Disrupts the metabolism of certain amino acids that causes rapid degeneration of the** neurons**
Modified T/F:
A. Maple Syrup Urine Disease may cause death within the first few months after birth
B. Most affected population are babies
TT
T/F:
Maple Syrup Urine Disease is a genetic condition
True
Enumerate 3 amino acids and toxic metabolic byproducts that accumulate in Maple Syrup Urine Disease
Valine
Leucine
Isoleucine
Modified T/F
A. In Gaucher’s Disease, there’s inability to break down a particular kind of cholesterol which accumulates in the liver, spleen, & bone marrow
B. It may result in pain, bone damage, & eventually death
FT
Inability to break down a particular kind of **fat **which accumulates in the liver, spleen, & bone marrow
T/F
There is a multisystem involvement in Type 2 Gaucher Disease
False
Type 1 Gaucher Disease
T/F
Gaucher’s disease can manifest in any age
True
Which of the following signs or symptoms are associated with Gaucher’s Disease?
A) Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity
B) Pathological Fracture
C) Jaundice
D) Polyuria
B) Pathological Fracture
The following are signs and symptoms of Gaucher’s Disease, except for?
A) Liver shrinking
B) Collapsed vertebrae
C) Enlarged spleen
D) Bone pain and Bone crisis
A) Liver shrinking
Should be hepatomegaly or enlarged liver
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of Gaucher’s Disease
- Erlenmeyer Flask Deformity
- Thrombocytopenia
- Anemia
- Osteonecrosis
- Bone Marrow Infiltration
- Osteopenia
All are s/sx of Gaucher’s Disease
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
- Excess cortisol production
- Low cortisol
- Alopecia
- Moon face
- A
- C
- A
- A
- C
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Hypoglycaemia
- Low Mood
- Frail & Weak (low weight)
- Truncal obesity
- Hyperglycaemia
- A
- A
- A
- C
- C
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Buffalo Hump
- Fat pad on back
- Slow wound healing
- Hypokalemia
- Skin thinning
All are sx of Cushing’s
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Hirsutism
- Low libido in females
- Amenorrhea in females
- Darkened skin (d/t inc MSH)
- Purple/Red Striae
- C
- A
- A
- A
- C
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Low temperature
- Hyperkalemia & ST elevation
- High blood pressure
- Low blood pressure
- Fatigue
- A
- A
- C
- A
- A
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Hyponatraemia
- Hypernatraemia
- Salt craving
- Weak bones & prone to osteoporosis
- A
- C
- A
- C
T/F
Cushing’s syndrome is the consequence of primary adrenal
insufficiency, where there is little/no cortisol production by the adrenal glands
False
Addison’s Disease
Modified T/F:
A. The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome is ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
B. It may also be from excess cortisol due to the overuse of steroids
FT
Most common cause: excess cortisol due
to the overuse of steroids
T/F
Addison’s disease and Cushing’s disease are renal disorders
False
Adrenal disorders
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Decreased production of CORTISOL & ALDOSTERONE
- Increased production of CORTISOL by the adrenal cortex
- A
- C
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
- Excessive glucocorticoids
- Partial or complete failure of adrenocortical function
- C
- A
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
Etiology
1. MC : Pituitary tumor
2. Infection, neoplasm, hemorrhage
- C
- A
Addison’s vs. Cushing’s Disease
Medical Interventions
1. Glucocorticoids, adequate fluid intake, control of sodium & potassium, diet of protein & carbs
2. Irradiation, Surgical excision of pituitary tumor,
monitor weight, electrolyte & fluid balance
- A
- C
T/F:
S/sx of Cushing’s syndrome includes:
* Decrease glucose tolerance, moon fascie, obesity (chest & abdomen, buffalo hump)
* decrease testosterone
* increase menstrual periods
* muscular atrophy
* edema
* hypokalemia
* emotional lability
False
Decrease menstrual periods
T/F:
S/sx of Addison’s syndrome includes:
* Increase bronzed skin pigmentation,
* weakness
* decrease endurance
* anorexia
* anxiety
* depression
* decreased tolerance to cold
* stress tolerance
False
stress intolerance
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Cold intolerance
- Heat intolerance
- Hypo
- Hyper
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Puffy or bulging eyes
- Puffy face
- Hyper
- Hypo
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Fatigue
- Insomia
- Both
- Both
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Hair loss
- Hair growth
- Both
- None
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Decreased sweating
- Increased sweating
- Hypo
- Hyper
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Depression & irritability
- Nervousness & anxiety
- Hypo
- Hyper
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Nail thickening & flaking
- Brittle nails
- Hyper
- Hypo
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Hypo
- Hyper
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Weight loss or gain
- Weight gain only
- Hyper
- Hypo
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Short & light periods
- Irregular & heavy periods
- Hyper
- Hypo
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Slow heart rate
- Racing heart
- Hypo
- Hyper
Hypothyroidism vs. Hyperthyroidism
- Muscle weakness
- Muscle or joint pain
- Hyper
- Hypo
Modified T/F:
- Hyperthyroidism refers to the hyperactivity of the thyroid gland
- It causes enlarged thyroid
TT
Modified T/F
A. Hyperthyroidism decreases secretion of Thyroxine
B. There’s also decrease in metabolic processes
FF
A. increased secretion of Thyroxine
B. Increase metabolic processes
What are the 2 red flags in Hyperthyroidism?
- Exercise intolerance
- Fatigue (hypermetabolic state)
T/F
S/sx of Hyperthyroidism includes nervousness, hyperreflexia, tremor, hunger, weight loss, fatigue, heat intolerance, palpitations, tachycardia, diarrhea
True
Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm
Life threatening health condition associated with untreated hyperthyroidism
Thyroid storm
Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm
Increased HR, BP, & body temp which can increase to dangerously high levels
Thyroid storm
Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm
autoimmune disorder that results in
overproduction of Thyroid hormone
Grave’s diseases
Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm
Have bulging eyes
Grave’s diseases
Hyperthyroidism: Grave’s disease vs. Thyroid storm
Fatal without prompt aggressive treatment
Thyroid storm
T/F
Red Flags of Hyperthyroidism include exercise intolerance, weakness, apathy, exercise induced myalgia, and reduced cardiac output
False
These are red flags of Hypothyroidism
T/F
S/sx of Hypothyroidism include Weight gain, mental & physical lethargy, dry skin & hair, low BP, constipation, intolerance to cold, Goiter
True
T/F
Hypothyrodism may lead to death
True
Hypothyrodism: Increased or Decreased?
- thyroid gland activity
- body function
- thyroid releasing horomes
- antithyroid medications
All are decreased in HYPOthyrodism except for antithyroid medications
What is correct regarding Hashimoto’s disease?
a) Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes the thyroid gland to become overactive, leading to hyperthyroidism.
b) Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
c) Hashimoto’s disease is a bacterial infection of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism.
d) Hashimoto’s disease is a genetic disorder characterized by the absence of the thyroid gland, causing hypothyroidism.
b) Hashimoto’s disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation of the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism.
Which of the following signs or symptoms are associated with Hashimoto’s disease?
A) Muscle weakness
B) Excessive sweating
C) Rapid heartbeat
D) Brittle nails
D) Brittle nails
Which of the following signs or symptoms is not typically associated with Hashimoto’s disease?
A) Brain fog
B) Goiter
C) Fatigue
D) Diarrhea
D) Diarrhea
Should be constipation
T/F
Hashimoto’s disease presents symptoms such as menstrual changes and dry skin
True
