S2L3: Metabolic Conditions - Metabolic Syndrome Flashcards
Modified T/F:
A. Metabolic syndrome refers to numerous medical conditions clustered into 1
B. Increases the risk for heart disease, stroke & type 1 DM
TF
Increases the risk for heart disease, stroke & type 2 DM
Modified T/F:
A. Metabolic conditions include high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal triglyceride levels
B. It also include excess body fat or properitoneal fat in abdominal areas
TF
Excess body fat / visceral fat in abdominal area
Give 2 causes of Metabolic syndrome
- Obesity
- Inactivity/sedentary lifestyle
T/F
In PH, Type 2 DM is more common in females than males with prevalence rate of 0.18%
False
in the PH: F > M (0.28% prevalence rate)
Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for metabolic conditions?
A) Sleep apnea
B) Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
C) Hypotension
D) Nonalcoholic Liver Fatty Disease (NAFLD)
C) Hypotension
T/F:
Other linked conditions to metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance Type 2 DM
True
Which of the following is not considered a risk factor for metabolic conditions?
A) Age
B) Obesity
C) Hispanic men abroad
D) Diabetes (Type 2)
C) Hispanic men abroad
Ethnicity
○ more common in Hispanic women abroad
True or False
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) increases risk by 2.4 times d/t increased chances for visceral obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, cerebrovascular diseases, gynecological cancers, & type 2 DM
False
4.2 times
Clinical Manifestations
Abdominal obesity
M = [] inches waistline
F = [] inches waistline
○ M : > 40 in. waistline
○ F : > 35 in. waistline
Hyperglycemia
Fasting blood sugar: [] mg/dL
≥ 110
Best marker for hyperglycemia
HBA1C
Modified T/F:
A. HBA1C measures Hemoglobin A1C or glycated/glycosylated Hgb
B. It measures sugar levels for the past 4 mos
TF
Measures sugar levels for the past 3 mos
HBA1C Values
- Normal =
- Prediabetes =
- Diabetes =
- <5.7%
- 5.7% - 6.4%
- 6.5% or higher
*Refer pts to endocrinologist for
proper Mx of prediabetes and diabetes
Htn Blood pressure:
> 110 / >70 mmHg
Modified T/F: Triglyceride
A. In individuals with Metabolic Syndrome, HDL levels are typically higher than 40 mg/dL for males and 35 mg/dL for females.
B. LDL for both sex are typically greater than 130 mg/dL
FT
Less than 40mg/dL for males
Less than 35mg/dL for females
What is the normal value for Cholesterol?
< 200 mg/dL
Modified T/F
A. Clinical presentation of Metabolic syndrome include increased thirst (polyuria)
B. It also include increased urination (polydipsia)
FF
Increased thirst (polydipsia)1
Increased urination (polyuria)
Which of the following clinical presentations is not typically associated with metabolic syndrome?
A) Large waist circumference
B) Increased thirst (polydipsia)
C) Fatigue
D) Joint pain
D) Joint pain
Modified T/F:
A. Increased sugar levels of the body can lead to microvascular changes in the retina leading to blurred vision
b. It can also cause systemic metabolic & vascular disease together with retinopathy, retinal
hemorrhages, & signs of retinal ischemia.
TT
What is the triad of diabetes?
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia (increased hunger)
Metabolic syndrome is defined as having () of the 5
components:
≥ 3
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
An elevated waist circumference for men is defined as ≥ 102 cm.
True
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
Low HDL cholesterol for females is defined as < 40 mg/dL.
False
F: < 50 mg/dL
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
Elevated blood pressure is defined as SBP ≥ 120 mmHg.
False
SBP: ≥ 130 mmHg
T/F: Components of Metabolic Syndrome
An elevated fasting glucose level is defined as ≥ 120 mg/dL.
or Drug Tx for elevated glucose
False
≥ 100 mg/dL
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
Elevated triglycerides are defined as ≥ 200 mg/dL.
or Drug Tx for elevated triglycerides
False
≥ 150 mg/dL
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
An elevated waist circumference for females is defined as ≥ 88 cm.
True
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
Low HDL cholesterol for males is defined as < 50 mg/dL.
True
T/F: Comoponents of Metabolic Syndrome
Elevated blood pressure is defined as DBP ≥ 90 mmHg.
False
DBP: ≥ 85 mm Hg
What is the recommended duration of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise to help prevent metabolic syndrome?
A) 15-30 minutes
B) 30-60 minutes
C) 60-90 minutes
D) 90-120 minutes
B) 30-60 minutes
How often should moderate-intensity aerobic exercise be done per week to help prevent metabolic syndrome?
A) 1-2 times
B) 3-5 times
C) 6-7 times
D) Daily
B) 3-5 times
Why is it beneficial to seek consultations from a nutritionist and dietitian for proper nutrition to prevent metabolic syndrome?
A) To increase fat intake
B) To limit carbohydrate intake
C) To ensure balanced and healthy eating habits
D) To promote excessive calorie consumption
C) To ensure balanced and healthy eating habits
How does limiting saturated fat and salt in the diet contribute to preventing metabolic syndrome?
A) It increases fat accumulation in the body
B) It promotes water retention in the body
C) It decreases fat accumulation and water retention in the body
D) It has no effect on metabolic syndrome
C) It decreases fat accumulation and water retention in the body
Which of the following lifestyle changes is not recommended for preventing metabolic syndrome?
A) Smoking cessation
B) Drinking alcohol in moderation
C) Regular exercise
D) Proper nutrition
B) Drinking alcohol in moderation
