S2W4 - Senses other than Vision

Question 1

Old Model of Perceptual Processing

Answer 1

Receptors; Thalamus; Primary Sensory Cortex; Secondary Sensory Cortex; Association Cortex

Question 2

Function of Outer Ear

Answer 2

collect sound waves; shape helps localise sound

Question 3

Function and Anatomy of Middle Ear

Answer 3

To amplify the sound by 22x
Tympanic Membrane: eardrum, 17x
Ossicles: Malleus (hammer), Incus (anvil), Stapes (stirrup), 1.3x

Question 4

Funciton of the Inner Ear

Answer 4

To transform that sound into a signal for the brain, includes the Cochlea and Vestibular Apparatus (for balance)

Question 5

Cochlea Mechanism

Answer 5

Basilar membrane vibrates; activates hair cells in the cochlea (the further in the spiral, the longer the hair cells, and the lower pitches they detect); auditory nerves send signals to the cochlea nuclei

Question 6

Auditory Pathway

Answer 6

cochlea; auditory nerve; cochlea nuclei; superior olives; lateral lemniscus; inferior colliculus; thalamus, medial geniculate nucleus; primary auditory cortex; lateral fissure

Question 7

Anterior Stream (A)

Answer 7

Towards prefrontal cortex
“what”
Identification of sound

Question 8

Posterior Stream (A)

Answer 8

Towards posterior parietal cortex
“where”
Location of sound

Question 9

Vestibular Apparatus

Answer 9

Semicircular canals have fluid moving through them (along the coronal, horizontal and sagital plane); hair cells in the utricle pick up this motion and send respective signals to the brain

Question 10

Exteroceptive

Answer 10

The skin

Question 11

Proprioceptive

Answer 11

Limb position

Question 12

Interoceptive

Answer 12

Within the body; e.g. blood pressure, general organ conditions

Question 13

Types of exteroceptive stimuli

Answer 13

Mechanical (touch)
Thermal (temp)
Nociceptive (pain)

Question 14

Spinothalamic Pathway

Answer 14

projects to the thalamus

Question 15

Spinotectal Pathway

Answer 15

projects to the tectum - the midbrain

Question 16

Spinorecticular Pathway

Answer 16

projects to the reticular formation, parafasicular nuclei, and intralaminar nuclei in the thalamus

Question 17

Location of the somatosensory cortex

Answer 17

posterior to the central fissure

Question 18

Remember homonculus

Answer 18

know him

Question 19

Dorsal Stream (S)

Answer 19

Towards prefrontal cortex
“where”
multisensory integration

Question 20

Ventral Stream (S)

Answer 20

Towards parietal cortex
“what”
shape identification