S2W10 - Faces

Question 1

Face-Cells

Answer 1

• defined by funcitonality
• by response, not morphology

Question 2

Face-Selective Areas

Answer 2

[FFA] fusiform face area
[OFA] occipital face area
[pSTS-FA] posterior superior temporal sulcus - face area
[aSTS-FA] anterior superior temporal sulcus - face area
[ATL] anterior temporal lobe

Question 3

Embedded Systems

Answer 3

[MPFC] medial prefrontal cortex
[TPJ] temporoparietal junction
[IPS/FEF] intraparietal sulcus/ frontal eye field
[Amygdala/Insula]

Question 4

Face Pareidolia

Answer 4

When we recognise faces in objects that do not have a face

Question 5

Detection and Orientation

Answer 5

• we instinctively orient towards faces (even if they aren’t the target)
• babies do this too (as far as we can tell, their eyesight is abysmal)
• face detection faster than detection of any other stimuli
• focus on eyes then mouth

Question 6

Abnormalities (Neurodivergence)

Answer 6

• ASD focusses on factors other than eyes and mouth
• Williams syndrome and ADHD too
• Amygdala plays a role
• artificially activating and inhibiting these areas of the brain corrospond with increases and decreases in number of faces recognsied, respectively

Question 7

Prosopometamorphosia

Answer 7

• the goblin people
• ipsilateral or bilateral effect on half or whole of faces effected
• from head trauma, epilepsy, migranes

Question 8

Stable Attributes

Answer 8

• face recognition (who)
• hair colour, skin texture, nose shape, feature segregation
• IGNORES shape of mouth, teeth, muscles

Question 9

Dynamic Attributes

Answer 9

• expression and speech (what)
• shape of mouth, teeth, muscles
• IGNORES hair colour, skin texture, nose shape, feature segregation

Question 10

Subcortical Route

Answer 10

• blindsight patients still orient towards faces
• but unable to determine expression (affective blindsight)
• amygdala connectivity and low spacial frequency content show emotional link

Question 11

Facial Feedback Hypothesis
(Darwin, 1872)

Answer 11

1. change in physiological or emotional state
2. muscle contraction
3. change in facial appearance
4. recognition
5. change in behaviour on others

• Moebius patients (face paralysis) bad at identifying expression

Question 12

Social Categorisation

Answer 12

• first impressions important for bigger societies as you cannot personally know everyone
• categorisation starts at ~100ms with gender, age, identity, familiarity
• we evaluate emotion, arousal, aggression, attention
• impression formed by attractiveness, dominance, intelligence, trustworthiness, social status

Question 13

Face Identification Theories

Answer 13

Face Space
Grandmother Cells
Fully distributed encoding model

Question 14

Face Space

Answer 14

• retinotopy but for faces
• each dimension is a different feature
• with the center being the most average face

Question 15

Grandmother cells

Answer 15

• once cell identifies one person
• (concept)

Question 16

Fully Distributed Encoding Model

Answer 16

• all neurons fire, its just the degree to which they fire ikdentifies each person

Question 17

Prosopagnosia

Answer 17

• unable to recognise faces
• no visual impairment
• normal object discrimination
• sometimes, no famage to ffa

Question 18

Expertise Theory

Answer 18

• ffa usually supports discrimination of any field, not just faces
• we just use it for faces
• natural expertise is rare
• right lateralisaiton
• visual word form area in the same area (VWFA)

Question 19

Faults

Answer 19

• participants incorrectly identify targets from a lineup (where target’s absent) 30% of the time
• more neural activity for familiar faces
• Capgras delusion

Question 20

Capgras Delusion

Answer 20

• belief that indentical looking imposters have replaced loved ones
• no visual impairments
• confuses concept of a person being linked with their appearance