S2W2 - Neuroanatomy Flashcards
Function of Oligodendrocytes
Myelinates neurons in the CNS
Function of Astrocytes
Binds neurons to blood vessels; processes waste and provides nutrients; “star-shaped”
Function of Schwann Cells
Myelinates neurons in the PNS
Define and time the Absolute Refractory Period
The period immediately after neuron fire where the neuron cannot be fired again; lasts 1-2 ms
Define and time the Relative Refractory Period
The period after the Absolute Refractory Period where the neuron is unlikely to fire; from 2-5ms after neuron fire; must have significant stimulation to fire
Explain Exocytosis
Vesicles cluster near membrane; fuse with Calcium ion trigger from action potential; release contents of vesicle into synapse
Drugs that bind to receptors to without activating them (inhibiting) are ______
Antagonistic
Drugs that bind to receptors and activate them (exciting) are ______
Agonistic
Drugs that increase the synthesis of ntm are ______
Agonistic
Drugs that destroy synthesising enzymes of a type of ntm are ______
Antagonistic
Drugs that block inhibitors are ______
Agonistic
Drugs that block ntm release from the button are ______
Antagonistic
Function of Cytoplasm
The fluid in the cell; allows for organelle movement
Function of the Golgi complex
The membrane system that packages molecules into vesicles
Endoplasmic Reticulum; with and without ribosomes
Folded Membranes that produce proteins (with ribosomes) and fats (no ribosomes)
Define and explain the SNS
The Somatic Nervous System is responsible for sensory (afferent; to CNS) and motor (efferent; from CNS) communication in the PNS
Define and explain the ANS
The Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for the afferent and effferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic)
Function of the Parasympathetic nervous system
Rest and digest
Function of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Fight or flight
The resting potential
-70mV
The threshold for an action potential
-55mV
Anatomy of an action potential
The PSP (stimulus) and reaching of the threshold; Depolarisation phase; Repolarisation phase; Hyperpolarisation period (Undershoot; Absolute/ Relative Refractory Period)
Depolarisation
Sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions (2+) to flow into the cell, bringing the electrical potential closer to zero
[It will go past zero into the positives]
Repolarisation
Sodium channels have closed and potassium channels have opened, allowing potassium ions (+) to flow out of the cell, bringing the electrical pulse down
