S2W2 - Neuroanatomy

Question 1

Function of Oligodendrocytes

Answer 1

Myelinates neurons in the CNS

Question 2

Function of Astrocytes

Answer 2

Binds neurons to blood vessels; processes waste and provides nutrients; “star-shaped”

Question 3

Function of Schwann Cells

Answer 3

Myelinates neurons in the PNS

Question 4

Define and time the Absolute Refractory Period

Answer 4

The period immediately after neuron fire where the neuron cannot be fired again; lasts 1-2 ms

Question 5

Define and time the Relative Refractory Period

Answer 5

The period after the Absolute Refractory Period where the neuron is unlikely to fire; from 2-5ms after neuron fire; must have significant stimulation to fire

Question 6

Explain Exocytosis

Answer 6

Vesicles cluster near membrane; fuse with Calcium ion trigger from action potential; release contents of vesicle into synapse

Question 7

Drugs that bind to receptors to without activating them (inhibiting) are ______

Answer 7

Antagonistic

Question 8

Drugs that bind to receptors and activate them (exciting) are ______

Answer 8

Agonistic

Question 9

Drugs that increase the synthesis of ntm are ______

Answer 9

Agonistic

Question 10

Drugs that destroy synthesising enzymes of a type of ntm are ______

Answer 10

Antagonistic

Question 11

Drugs that block inhibitors are ______

Answer 11

Agonistic

Question 12

Drugs that block ntm release from the button are ______

Answer 12

Antagonistic

Question 13

Function of Cytoplasm

Answer 13

The fluid in the cell; allows for organelle movement

Question 14

Function of the Golgi complex

Answer 14

The membrane system that packages molecules into vesicles

Question 15

Endoplasmic Reticulum; with and without ribosomes

Answer 15

Folded Membranes that produce proteins (with ribosomes) and fats (no ribosomes)

Question 16

Define and explain the SNS

Answer 16

The Somatic Nervous System is responsible for sensory (afferent; to CNS) and motor (efferent; from CNS) communication in the PNS

Question 17

Define and explain the ANS

Answer 17

The Autonomic Nervous System is responsible for the afferent and effferent (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

Question 18

Function of the Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 18

Rest and digest

Question 19

Function of the Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 19

Fight or flight

Question 20

The resting potential

Answer 20

-70mV

Question 21

The threshold for an action potential

Answer 21

-55mV

Question 22

Anatomy of an action potential

Answer 22

The PSP (stimulus) and reaching of the threshold; Depolarisation phase; Repolarisation phase; Hyperpolarisation period (Undershoot; Absolute/ Relative Refractory Period)

Question 23

Depolarisation

Answer 23

Sodium channels open, allowing sodium ions (2+) to flow into the cell, bringing the electrical potential closer to zero

[It will go past zero into the positives]

Question 24

Repolarisation

Answer 24

Sodium channels have closed and potassium channels have opened, allowing potassium ions (+) to flow out of the cell, bringing the electrical pulse down