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(2) Assistive Technology🦿 > S2_L2.1: Intro to Orthotics & Prosthetics, Splinting, & Shoe > Flashcards

S2_L2.1: Intro to Orthotics & Prosthetics, Splinting, & Shoe Flashcards

1
Q

Identification:
They provides care to persons with neuromuscular and musculoskeletal impairments that contribute to functional limitation and disability by designing, fabricating, and fitting orthoses or custom made braces for pts with functional limitations.

A

Orthotists

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2
Q

Identification:
Any externally applied device to an existing body part that improves function.

A

Orthoses

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3
Q

Enumeration:
5 goals of orthoses

A
  1. Stabilize weak or paralyzed segments or joints
  2. Support damaged or diseased segments or joints
  3. Limit or augment motion across joints
  4. Control abnormal or spastic movements
  5. Unload distal segments
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4
Q

Identification: It will fix the foot/ankle in a certain position and movement is not allowed.

A

LE Static Splint

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5
Q

Identification: It allows certain movement and limiting/restricting certain motions of the LE.

A

LE Dynamic Splint

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6
Q

Identification: It extends from the foot to the waist. It provides stability and aids in ambulation when LE muscles are weak.

A

Long leg braces

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7
Q

Identification: Brace that will cover the ankle and foot segment. It is primarily indicated for patients with weakness of ankle dorsiflexors as manifested or seen in stroke patients.

A

Short Leg Brace

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8
Q

Identification: An external modification is made on the sole. It is common. Aka corrective shoes. Orthotists fabricate these.

A

Orthopedic shoes

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9
Q

Identification: Internal modification that may be custom made or is readily available in the market. For flat foot & to correct the arches of the foot, this is used. Orthotists will also make this.

A

Moldable inserts

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10
Q

Identification: They provide care to patients with partial or total absence of limbs by designing, fabricating, and fitting pros theses or artificial limbs. They create the design, select the appropriate materials and components, and make all necessary casting, measurements, and
modifications (including static and dynamic alignment).

A

Prosthetists

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11
Q

Identification: Medical devices that are completely finished and are technically connected to the body; Designed to replace as much as possible the function, or appearance of a missing limb or body part

A

Prostheses

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12
Q

Analogy - Padding

Closed cell : (1)___ ::
Open cell : (2)___

A
  1. without holes
  2. with holes
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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The primary purpose of dynamic splints are to mobilize areas of the body and have 1 or more movable parts.

A

True

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14
Q

Identification: Type of splint that is highly recommended for acute injuries so as not to aggravate the condition

A

Static splint

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15
Q

Identification: It performs the vital functions of transferring body weight to the floor during walking and of protecting the wearer from hazards in the environment

A

Shoes

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16
Q

Identification: Keystone of a good shoe

A

Its ability to absorb shock

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17
Q

Identification: Primary purpose of static splinting

A

To immobilize body structures

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18
Q

Identification: Actual material used in fabrication of splints

A

Orthoplast

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19
Q

Identification: Handling characteristic where it can be molded easily in whatever structure that is needed to be splinted

A

Memory

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20
Q

Enumeration: 7 members of the orthotic team

A
  1. Physiatrist
  2. Orthotist
  3. Physical therapist
  4. Occupational therapist
  5. Patient
  6. Rehabilitation counselor
  7. Social worker
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21
Q

Enumeration: 5 common goals for orthotic device

A
  1. pain relief
  2. immobilization and protection
  3. reduction of axial load
  4. prevention and correction of deformity
  5. improvement of function
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22
Q

Identification: Prosthesis recommended for pts who have a total absence of the entire UE

A

Body powered prosthesis

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23
Q

Matching Type:

  1. made of metal or titanium
  2. made of a durable shell
  3. bulkier, heavier
  4. could fit different shoe types
  5. lighter, pricier

Choices:
A. Endoskeleton LE Prosthesis
B. Exoskeleton LE Prosthesis

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. A
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24
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Splinting was recognized to be important after injury in rehabilitation.
  2. Most splints were made of metal. Plaster of Paris (most commonly used material nowadays) was discovered.
  3. Splint was the most common first aid during WWII. Rehabilitation during WWII splints sold commercially.

Choices:
A. 1700
B. 1800
C. 1940s

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
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25
Q

Fill in the blanks:
Temperature range for heat used in splinting is ___.

A

135°F - 180°F

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26
Q

Matching Type:
1. influences amplitude of the long extrinsic tendons on joint/s; mostly applicable to dynamic splints
2. provides single directional force, affecting motion at one or more joints within a segment in a similar manner
3. affecting motion at two or more joints within a segment in a dissimilar manner (opposing force system)

Choices:
A. Simple / static splint
B. Compound / dynamic splint
C. Long splint

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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27
Q

Identification: This determines the shape of the shoe.

A

Last

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28
Q

Matching Type:
1. directs the forefoot
medially
2. forefoot is directly slightly lateral to the midline
3. symmetric around the
midline
4. directs the foot much more
laterally

Choices:
A. Straight last
B. Conventional last
C. Outflared last
D. Inflared last

A
  1. D
  2. B
  3. A
  4. C
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29
Q

Matching Type:
1. inside piece of the external sole; primary structure of sole
2. situated next to the foot
3. piece that is most external, it should not contact the floor at the
distal end
4. Area between the heel and the ball of the shoe
5. Slight rise of the sole which allows a rocker effect at late stance

Choices:
A. Insole
B. Outsole
C. Welt
D. Toe spring
E. Shank

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
  4. E
  5. D
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30
Q

Identification: Type of shoe indicated for a rigid pes equinus foot as it covers the malleoli

A

High-quarter shoe

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31
Q

Identification: This is indicated for patients with instability in the cervical spine 2º to fractures.

A

Halo Traction Brace

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32
Q

Identification: Duration for wearing a splint per day?

A

23 hrs/day

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33
Q

Identification: It is a common body brace. It is indicated for patients with scoliosis. A corrective brace.

A

Milwaukee Brace

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34
Q

Identification: It is a thoracolumbosacral
orthosis. It provides limitation
or stabilization for
movement.

A

Knight-Taylor Brace

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35
Q

Identification: For pts with rigid ankle orthoses, fixed deformity, spasticity, or fragile neuropathic feet, this type of shoe is recommended. These are high shoes which incase the malleoli, providing addition mediolateral stability

A

Lace-to-toe / Surgical style shoes

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36
Q

Identification: Shoes are most commonly made with this type of last, where the toe box is directed inward from the heel.

A

Medial last

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37
Q

Matching Type

  1. Orthotic heel wedge inside shoe
  2. Full length external lift mounted to the sole of the shoe

Choices:
A. > 3/8 inch leg length discrepancy
B. < 3/8 inch leg length discrepancy

A
  1. B
  2. A
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38
Q

FIll in the blanks:
For every (1)___ increase in heel, there is added weight-bearing to the (2)___.

A
  1. 1.5 inch
  2. metatarsal heads
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39
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Further confirm and check out if this pt will be comfortable or the device was able to achieve the ultimate function that the pt would want
  2. Primary lead of the rehabilitation team
  3. Convey appropriate information to the team
    members.

Choices:
A. Physician
B. Patient
C.PT and/or OT

A
  1. C
  2. A
  3. B
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40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The 3 major events that served as an impetus for orthotists and prosthetists profession are:
1. WWI
2. WWII
3. Onset and spread of poliomyelitis in the 1950s

A

True

41
Q

Identification: Splint that keeps the wrist raised upward to prevent flexion deformity

A

Cock-up Splint

42
Q

Enumeration: 5 principles of orthotic application

A
  1. Pressure distribution
  2. Comfort
  3. Wearer independence
  4. Conservation of energy
  5. Simplicity and durability of materials
43
Q

Fill in the blanks
In proper maintenance of orthotic application:
-Open (1)___ every week
-Place a drop of (2)___ in each joint every week
-Keep leather parts in (3)___ repair
-Keep (4)___ and (5)___ of shoes in good condition as not to touch any part of the brace on the floor

A
  1. locks
  2. machine oil
  3. good

4-5. Heels, soles

44
Q

Fill in the blanks
In proper maintenance of orthotic application:
-Handle (1)___ with care and avoid injuring them
-Examine skin every night for (2)___
-Inspect (3)___ before putting on

A
  1. braces
  2. pressure marks
  3. braces
45
Q

Identification: Most suitable metals for orthotic appliances.

A

Steel & aluminum alloys

46
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Provides support to areas of the body and have no movable joint
  2. More complex
  3. Aid in fracture alignment and wound healing
  4. Prevent soft tissue contracture
  5. Substitute for loss of motor function
  6. Correct an existing deformity

Choices:
A. Static splinting
B. Dynamic splinting

A
  1. A
  2. B
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
  6. B
47
Q

Identification: Main mechanisms of a dynamic splint

A

Wires and screws

48
Q

Identification: Splinting procedure that provides additional comfort for the wearer

A

Edge finishing

49
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: If the splint has moisture and air permeability, there is a lesser tendency for skin irritability.

A

True

50
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Drapability
  2. Conformability
  3. Moisture permeability and air
  4. Self finishing edges
  5. Bonding, adherence

Choices:
A. Performance characteristic
B. Handling characteristic
C. Both

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. A
  4. B
  5. B
51
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Durability
  2. Memory
  3. Rigidity
  4. Elasticity
  5. Flexibility

Choices:
A. Performance characteristic
B. Handling characteristic
C. Both

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
  4. B
  5. A
52
Q

Identification: This may be due to a fracture or congenital anomalies or biomechanically imbalance pelvic rotation, hip anteversion/retroversion, or lateral foot pronation

A

Leg length discrepancy

53
Q

Identification: A consequence of loss of the longitudinal arch in conditions such as pes planus or of undue stresses created in the forefoot with tightness of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles or an elevated longitudinal arch

A

Plantar fasciitis

54
Q

Identification: Characterized by flattening of the longitudinal arch, causing a splaying of the forefoot and lateral deviation of the metatarsals. This deformity can be either flexible or fixed/rigid.

A

Pes planus / Flatfoot

55
Q

Identification: It is a painful condition of the
foot characterized by neuronal degeneration and perineural fibrosis, most commonly seen between the third and fourth or the second and third metatarsals

A

Morton (Interdigital) Neuroma

56
Q

Identification: Pain around the metatarsal heads that result from compression of the plantar digital nerve as it courses between the metatarsal heads

A

Metatarsalgia

57
Q

Identification: Configuration of the foot in
which the second toe is either the same size as the great toe or slightly longer than the great toe. The increased length of the second ray causes lateral instability that affects the foot biomechanics

A

Morton Syndrome

58
Q

Fill in the blanks: A (1)___ can be used to reduce
tension on the plantar fascia and Achilles
tendon and adequate length to minimize compression and promote (2)___
from midstance to toe-off.

A
  1. high heel / posterior heel elevation
  2. supination
59
Q

Fill in the blanks - Plantar fasciitis shoe prescription:
● Control (1)___ from heel strike to heel stance
● Maintain the (2)___ joint in a neutral position
● (3)____ heel counter to limit heel valgus

A
  1. Pronation
  2. Subtalar
  3. Long medial
60
Q

Fill in the blanks - Pes planus shoe prescription:
● (1)____ to reduce pronation from heel strike to midstance & correct (2)___
● Relieve tension on the (3)___ tendonitis

A
  1. Medial heel wedge
  2. Eversion
  3. Posterior tibial
61
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A shoe for pes planus should offer a long medial heel counter, a Thomas heel or a firm wedge sole, and a straight last.

A

True

62
Q

Fill in the blanks - Metatarsalgia shoe prescription:
● Wide width to reduce pressure on the (1)___ arch
● Long fitting to eliminate (2)___ MTP joints
● (3)___ to enhance shock absorption
● A (4)___ toe box to allow forefoot flexion and extension

A
  1. transverse metatarsal
  2. plantarflexed
  3. cushion soles
  4. high
63
Q

Fill in the blanks - Metatarsalgia shoe prescription:
● Reduce (1)___ by stabilizing the metatarsal phalangeal joint
● Stabilize the (2)___ and (3)___ to reduce
pressure on metatarsal heads

A
  1. friction
    2-3. rearfoot, midfoot
64
Q

Identification: It is used to alter lines of stress to facilitate a more normal gait pattern and to modify midfoot and forefoot positions

A

Wedging

65
Q

Identification: Synthetic material that may be molded,
extruded, laminated into desired form. It is the most common orthotic material.

A

Plastic

66
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Low endurance limit, corrosion resistant and high strength:weight ratio
  2. High strength:weight ratio
  3. More resistant to corrosion, durable, light weight, preferred by active users

A. Steel
B. Aluminum
C. Titanium & magnesium

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. C
67
Q

Fill in the blanks:
Thermoplastics (1)___ when heated and (2)___ when cool

A
  1. soften
  2. harden
68
Q

Identification: Materials that develop a permanent shape when heat and pressure are applied and maintain a memory. Examples of these are polyesters, epoxies, and polyurethane foam

A

Thermosetting plastics

69
Q

Identification: most weather resistant thermoplastics (high temperature)

A

acrylic

70
Q

Identification: high temperature thermoplastics most commonly used in orthotics

A

Vinyl Polymers and Copolymers

71
Q

Identification: The temperature of low temperature thermoplastics to become workable and may be shaped directly to the body

A

80ºC

72
Q

Identification: Most essential element of clothing in any person’s wardrobe. This performs the vital functions of transferring body weight to the floor during walking (in response to
GRF) and of protecting the wearer from hazards in
the environment.

A

Shoe

73
Q

Fill in the blanks:
Ill fitting shoes can create (1)__ force that leads to (2)___ —create and facilitate toe and foot deformities and lead to (3)___.

A
  1. shear
  2. skin breakdown
  3. falls
74
Q

Fill in the blanks: A well-designed shoe provides a (1)___ heel base,
ankle (2)___, and (3)___-fitting heel counter

A
  1. broad
  2. collar
  3. close
75
Q

Fill in the blanks:
Foot stability is important and critical regardless of reason for shoe—critical to minimize (1)___
injury, excessive (2)___, and (3)___ of the heel during the gait cycle

A
  1. ankle
  2. pronation
  3. slippage
76
Q

Identification: Primary determinants of proper shoe fit

A

Shape and size

77
Q

Identification: In this shoe type, the outside quarter is cut lower than the inside to avoid contact with the malleoli

A

Oxford (Balmoral) shoe

78
Q

Identification: In this shoe type, forward edges of the quarters are on top of the vamp

A

Blucher (Derby) shoe

79
Q

Identification: lace stays that permit substantial adjustability which is important for edematous patients. anterior margins of the lace stays are separated from the vamp

A

Blucher lace stay

80
Q

Fill in the blanks:
In the blucher style shoe, the tongue is a/an (1)____, while the tongue is a/an (2)____ in the bal-type oxford shoe.

A
  1. extension of the vamp
  2. separate piece
81
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Tends to position the foot into dorsiflexion thus minimizing abnormal plantarflexion
    deformity
  2. Promotes mobility than stability
  3. joined to the vamp which make up the side and back of the upper

A. Rear quarter
B. Low-quarter
C. High-quarter

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. A
82
Q

Identification: in individuals wearing orthoses and with moderate to severe foot deformity, this closure is preferred.

A

Blucher closure

D/t its construction. It allows a certain degree of flexibility and expansion during donning and doffing as it offers a wide inlet.

83
Q

Identification: 2 important characteristics of a sole.

A

Thickness, rigidity/stiffness

Note: It should not be too rigid as to interfere with the
movement of the foot and toes at the MTP joint during the terminal stance and pre-swing phases of gait

84
Q

Fill in the blanks: The traditional sole consists of (1)___ pieces of leather sewn together with a layer of (2)___ in
between.

A
  1. two
  2. compressible cork
85
Q

Fill in the blanks: In athletic shoes, the sole is made of (1)___ to provide maximal (2)___.

A
  1. rubber
  2. traction

It would absorb shock thereby minimizing the heel impact forces especially in contact and high intensity sporting activities

86
Q

Fill in the blank:
As heel height increases, a greater ___ range of motion is necessary for the forefoot to reach the floor.

A

Plantarflexion

87
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: For some patients with neuromuscular dysfunction (e.g., hemiplegia, paraplegia, multiple sclerosis), a traditional metal double-upright lower extremity orthosis can be prescribed

A

True

88
Q

Matching Type:
1. Places the ankle in greater PF range and forces tibia forward
2. reinforces the quarter to help secure the shoe to the anatomic heel
3. distributes force between the back and front of the foot evenly
4. relieve excessive pressure on the shank portion & causes subtalar neutral
5. Prevents collapse of the material between heel and ball of the foot to provide extra support
6. Found in the distal vamp which prevents the anterior portion of the vamp from losing
its shape

Choices:
A. Broad low heel
B. High heel
C. Toe box
D. Shank
E. Heel counter
F. Thomas Heel

A
  1. B
  2. E
  3. A
  4. F
  5. D
  6. C
89
Q

Matching Type:

  1. Placed proximal to the metatarsal heads
  2. Create an eversion effect on forefoot
  3. Used when flexible valgus and calcaneus are present
  4. Supports the navicular bone and helps invert the calcaneus, shifting the body weight laterally
  5. Used for flexible varus of the calcaneus
  6. Prevents inversion of the ankle
  7. Produces an inversion effect on
    the forefoot

Choices:
A. Lateral sole wedge
B. Lateral heel wedge
C. Lateral flared heel
D. Metatarsal bar
E. Medial heel wedge
F. Barton wedge
G. Medial sole wedge

A
  1. D
  2. A
  3. E
  4. F
  5. B
  6. C
  7. G
90
Q

Fill in the blanks - Morton syndrome shoe prescription:
● Long medial counter
for (1)___ support and stability
● (2)__ or (3)__ last to accommodate foot shape
● High wide toe box to
reduce (4)___ across the transverse metatarsal arch

A
  1. rearfoot
    2 - 3. Straight, flared
  2. compression
91
Q

Fill in the blanks - Morton syndrome shoe prescription:
● Accommodate the forefoot (1)___ and
(2)___ metatarsal
● Large enough shoe
size to accommodate
the long (3)___ toe
● (4)___ heel or
wedge sole to support
the medial longitudinal
arch

A
  1. varus
  2. dorsiflexed
  3. second
  4. thomas
92
Q

Fill in the blanks - Morton Neuroma Shoe Prescription:
● Shoes should be wide enough to eliminate
transverse compression and have enough length to reduce (1)___ of the MTP joint
● A long (2)___ counter can help to reduce pronation
● A cushioned sole increases shock absorption and a (3)___ heel unloads pressure on the metatarsals

A
  1. plantarflexion
  2. medial
  3. low
93
Q

Fill in the blanks:
A (1)___ mold is used as a template that touches the pt’s skin, while a (2)___ mold is the end-product or replica of the limb.

A
  1. negative
  2. positive
94
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Most leather used in orthotic fabrication are vegetable tanned
for texture and to prevent skin irritation

A

True

Additional: D/t animal extinction nowadays, straps
are used instead

95
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Rubber is an orthotic material seen as a basic component of shoes. It has tough resiliency and shock absorbing
qualities,
good resistance to cold, aging, tears, and abrasion.

A

True

96
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Plastics are radiolucent, have little to no toxicity, and are unaffected by fluids such as water, urine, and oils

A

True

97
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The compensation due to a high heel is to retain slight knee
and hip flexion or by extending the
knee and exaggerating lumbar lordosis

A

True

98
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Ill-fitting heel counters predispose the back of
the heel to abrasions

A

True

99
Q

Identification: It redistributes body weight over the entire plantar surface, facilitating a smoother
and more normal gait pattern while reducing
stress and trauma in the forefoot

A

Rocker bottom

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