S2_L1: Environmental Considerations Flashcards
Ideally, stair steps should not be greater than
(1)___ high with a minimum depth of (2)___.
- 7 inches (180 mm)
- 11 inches (280 mm)
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
Ideally, the driveway should be a (1)___, (2)___
surface with easy access to the home.
- Smooth
- Level
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
An accessible outlet should be (1)___ from or above the floor.
- 18 inches
What is the appropriate height and depth of kitchen countertops for wheelchair users?
Counter height: 31 inches
Counter depth: 24 inches
What does I.M.A.G.E. stand for?
Illumination
Magnification
Altered Contrast
Glare Reduction
Expanders of Visual Field
What kind of lighting is appropriate for an accessible bathroom?
Non-glare lighting
What can be installed to reduce the glare of windows?
Window films
What kind of carpeting is recommended for floors?
Low-level loop, dense, low pile
Industrial-style or indoor/outdoor carpeting
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 328
TRUE OR FALSE: High pile carpeting and carpet padding increases roll resistance (e.g., wheelchair, rolling walker); firmer carpeting decreases roll resistance.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 328
If the door is weighted to aid in closing, the pressure should not exceed ___ to be functional for the patient.
8 lbs (3.6 kg)
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 326
Identification:
Environmental factors that, through their
presence or absence, prevent optimal function and create disability.
Barriers
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 317
Identification:
Degree to which an environment affords use of its resources with respect to an individual’s level of function
Accessibility
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 317
Identification:
Refers to structures that meet prescribed standards for accessibility.
Accessible design
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 317
Identification:
Refers to the design of environments and products that can be used by all people to the greatest extent possible regardless of age, ability, or disability.
Universal design (UD)
Other terms associated with this: inclusive design, life span design, aging-in-place design, sustainable design
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 317
Identification:
Process of basing decisions about the built environment on credible research to achieve the best possible outcomes. It emphasizes use of research to influence the design process and evaluate design innovations.
Evidence-based design (EBD)
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 317
Identification:
This symbol indicates a choice for whether or not to display captions for a television program or videotape.
Closed Captioning (CC)
Identification:
This symbol indicates that printed material is available in Braille, including exhibition labeling, publications, and signage
Braille Symbol
Identification:
A service for persons who are blind or have low vision that makes the performing arts, visual arts, television, video, and film more accessible
Audio description
Identification:
This symbol may be used to indicate access for people who are blind or have low vision, including: a guided tour, a path to a nature trail or a scent garden in a park; and a tactile tour or a museum exhibition that may be touched.
Access (Other Than Print or Braille) for Individuals Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision
Identification:
This symbol indicates that captions, which translate dialogue and other sounds in print, are always displayed on the videotape, movie or television program. It is preferred by many including deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals, and people whose second language is English.
Opened Captioning (OC)
Identification:
These systems transmit amplified sound via hearing aids, headsets or other devices. They include infrared, loop and FM systems.
Assistive Listening Systems
TRUE OR FALSE: Environmental factors can either constrain or promote patients’ abilities to perform customary actions within their social/cultural contexts.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 321
TRUE OR FALSE: If there is more than one entry to the dwelling, the most accessible should be selected (closest to driveway, most level walking surface, fewest stairs, available handrails, and so forth).
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
Identification:
Curved overhangs on the front edge of stairs
Nosings / Lips
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
TRUE OR FALSE: Small wood bevels placed under nosings minimize the danger of “toe-catching” during transition to the next step.
True
Additionally, these bevels are wedge shaped.
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
Stair steps should have a ___ surface to improve traction and depth perception.
Nonslip
This can be accomplished by adding abrasive strips.
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
In general, handrail height should measure between a minimum of (1)___ and a maximum of (2)___ high for stairs, ramps, and level walking surfaces.
- 34 in. (865 mm)
- 38 in. (965 mm)
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
At least one handrail should extend a minimum of ___ beyond the foot and top of the stairs or ramp.
12 in. (305 mm)
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
The minimum ramp grade (incline or slope) for a wheelchair ramp is that for every inch of threshold height there is a corresponding ___ of ramp length.
12 in. (305 mm)
Running slope / Ratio is 1:12
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
Ramps should be a minimum of (1)___ wide, with a (2)___ surface. The overall rise of any ramp should be no greater than (3)___.
- 36 in. (915 mm)
- Nonslip
- 30 in. (760 mm)
Identification:
Physical impediments that prevent individuals from
functioning optimally in their surroundings, and include safety hazards, access problems and home or workplace difficulties.
Environmental Barriers
Enumeration:
Five major areas of environmental intervention strategies
- Assistive / adaptive devices
- Safety devices
- Structural alterations
- Modification or altered location of environmental objects
- Task modification
Cross-sectional diameter of circular handrails should be between a minimum of (1)___ and a maximum of (2)___. If mounted adjacent to a wall, clearance between the handrail and wall should be a minimum of (3)___.
- 1.25 in. (32 mm)
- 2 in. (51 mm)
- 1.5 in. (38 mm)
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 324
Vertical platform lifts travel approximately (1)____ straight up and down. The dimensions are (2)____.
- 8 ft
- 30X40in (76 x 102 cm)
If an individual using a wheelchair is required to open a door that swings out, this area should be at least (1)____. If the door swings in and away from the patient, a space at least (2)____ deep and (3)____ wide is required.
- 5 × 5 ft
- 3 ft
- 5 ft
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 325
Matching Type
- Comfort, convenient seat height
- Doorway width
- Grab bar height
- Kickplate height
- Wall switch height
Choices:
A. 12 inches
B. 17-19 inches (17-20” in Fairchild)
C. 32-34 inches
D. 36-48 inches
E. 33-36 inches
- B
- C
- E
- A
- D
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed.
TRUE OR FALSE: Examples of alternative lock systems are voice- or cardactivated locks, remote control locks, keypad electronic security systems, push-button padlocks.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 325
TRUE OR FALSE: Rubber doorknob covers (that stretch over a round doorknob and provide a textured grip) or
lever-type handles are often easier to use for patients
with limited grip strength.
True
Lever handles do not require the same strength or ROM needed for traditional round doorknobs.
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 325
TRUE OR FALSE: If there is a raised threshold in the doorway, it should be removed. If removal is not possible, the threshold should be lowered to no greater than 1/2 in. (13 mm) in height, with beveled edges.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 326
TRUE OR FALSE: Sufficient room should be made available for maneuvering a wheelchair or ambulating with an assistive device. Clear passage must be allowed from one room to
the next.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 326
TRUE OR FALSE: Ideally, living room chairs should have double armrests, a firm seating surface, and an upright back.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 326
TRUE OR FALSE: When purchasing a new chair, features such as the height of the seat should allow the knees to flex approximately 90° with the feet flat on the floor, a firm cushioned seat, a firm cushioned back that provides adequate upright support, and double armrests are recommended.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 326
TRUE OR FALSE: Restricted access should be provided to wall switches and electrical outlets.
False
TRUE OR FALSE: For accessibility of electrical controls, outlets may need to be raised and wall switches lowered.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 327
TRUE OR FALSE: A ground fault circuit
interrupter (GFCI) should be installed in wet locations such as bathrooms to prevent electrical shock. It acts as a monitor for current imbalance between the hot and neutral wires and breaks the circuit if that situation occurs.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 327
Enumeration:
5 items that may enhance vision
- Higher wattage bulbs
- Fluorescent lighting
- Full-spectrum bulbs
- Daylight bulbs
- High-intensity halogen lamps
Identification:
This type of floor is ideal
Hardwood floor
TRUE OR FALSE: Deep joints wider than 0.75 in. (1.9 cm) will cause wheelchair casters to turn and lodge, blocking movement.
True
Joints in wood flooring should be shallow and no more than 0.25 to 0.5 in. (0.64 to 1.27 cm) wide.
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 328
Identification:
This type of rug should be removed/not used.
Scatter rug
TRUE OR FALSE: If flooring is to be replaced, matte finishes should be recommended to reduce glare.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 328
Which way or direction should a door open for easier exit?
Outward
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 328
TRUE OR FALSE: Knurled (roughened) surface door handles are used on interiors of buildings and dwellings when frequented by persons with visual impairments. These abrasive, knurled surfaces provide tactile clues that the door leads to a hazardous area and alerts the individual to danger.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
TRUE OR FALSE: Extenders placed over a standard doorknob can be used to create a lever handle.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
Identification:
This swings the open door clear of the frame, providing approximately 2 additional inches (5 cm) of space.
Offset / Swing-clear hinges
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
Identification:
This absorbs internal background noise to improve hearing and conversation.
Heavy draperies or shades
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
TRUE OR FALSE: Frosted films are effective at diffusing light without appreciably reducing ambient light.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
TRUE OR FALSE: Stair lighting should be bright with glare and reflection minimized. Motion detection lights that automatically turn on when the patient approaches the stairs (or other area of the home) can also be an important safety consideration.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
Identification:
This is for individuals with decreased visual acuity or age-related visual changes. It provides contrasting textures on the surface of the top and bottom stair(s) to alert them that the end of the stairwell is near. They can also be used on each step to identify its edge.
Adhesive, light-reflective tactile warning strips
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
TRUE OR FALSE: Tactile warning strips placed on the floor can be used to signal a change in level of the walking surface or
entrance to another area or room of the dwelling.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 329
Identification:
This may be an option for patients unable to negotiate stairs who require access to the second floor of a dwelling.
Motorized stairlift
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 330
TRUE OR FALSE: Bed stability may be improved by placing the bed against a wall or in the corner of the room, except when the patient plans to make the bed.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 330
Identification:
This can increase closet storage capacity while maintaining accessibility.
Wardrobe lifts
A minimum of ___ of space on the side of the bed is optimal for wheelchair transfers.
3 feet
TRUE OR FALSE: The closet clothes bar may require lowering to provide wheelchair accessibility. The bar should be lowered to 52 in. (132 cm) from the floor.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 331
TRUE OR FALSE: Wall hooks may be a useful addition to the closet area and should be placed between 40 in. (101.6 cm) and 56 in. (142.2 cm) from the floor.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 331
Identification:
For many patients, this type of toilet will facilitate transfers.
Elevated toilet
The simplest approach to this is use of a portable raised seat attachment. Base risers can be installed to elevate the entire toilet.
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 331
TRUE OR FALSE: A tub transfer bench (tub seat) may be recommended for bathing. The bench should provide a wide BoS, a backrest, and an appropriate seating surface to facilitate transfers in and out of the tub.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 332
TRUE OR FALSE: Two grab bars are secured horizontally to the back wall for use in tub transfers. One is placed 33 to 36 in. (840 to 915 mm) from tub floor and the second 9 in. (230 mm) above top rim of the bathtub.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 331
Identification:
Dangerous area in the house
Bathroom
TRUE OR FALSE: Sinks should provide clear knee space below and any exposed hot water pipes should be insulated
to prevent burns.
True
Source: O’ Sullivan 7th ed. page 334
Matching Type: Visual Substitution Techniques
- Braille
- Radio reading services
- Guide dog
- Computers w/ verbal output
- Raised markings
- Sonic devices
Choices
A. Mobility
B. Tactile
C. Recorded
D. Synthetic Speech
- B
- C
- A
- D
- B
- A
Adaptation for Mild Dementia or Visual Impairment
- Meals on wheels
- Illuminated switches
- Daily calls for self-care
- Auditory signals for crosswalks
- Step-by-step instructions on appliance use
Choices:
A. Mild dementia
B. Visual impairment
- A
- B
- A
- B
- A
