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(3) RES 2 > S2_L2: Quantitative Studies > Flashcards

S2_L2: Quantitative Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Structured research instruments for data gathering. It is highly reliable since methods can easily be replicated or
repeated.
A. Quantitative study design
B. Qualitative study design

A

A. Quantitative study design

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2
Q

Data collected are in the form of numbers or statistics. It can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict
future results or predict causal relationships.
A. Quantitative study design
B. Qualitative study design

A

A. Quantitative study design

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3
Q

Require few number of participants to generate a conclusion
A. Quantitative study design
B. Qualitative study design

A

B. Qualitative study design

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4
Q

Collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to
understand concepts, opinions or experiences
A. Quantitative study design
B. Qualitative study design

A

B. Qualitative study design

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5
Q

Descriptive observational: Novel study or no available study
A. Case series
B. Case report
C. Cross-sectional

A

B. Case report

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6
Q

Descriptive observational: Collection of reports on patients with uncommon condition
A. Case series
B. Case report
C. Cross-sectional

A

A. Case series

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7
Q

Descriptive observational: Describing the characteristics or proportion of conditions in a certain population
A. Case series
B. Case report
C. Cross-sectional

A

C. Cross-sectional

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8
Q

Descriptive observational: Reports on few patients with uncommon condition. One example was the studies published during the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.
A. Case series
B. Case report
C. Cross-sectional

A

B. Case report

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9
Q

Analytic observational: Begins assessment with healthy participants
A. Cohort
B. Cross-sectional
C. Case control

A

A. Cohort

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10
Q

Analytic observational: Recruits healthy and unhealthy participants to assess current risk factors
A. Cohort
B. Cross-sectional
C. Case control

A

B. Cross-sectional

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11
Q

Analytic observational: Recruits participants to determine their history of exposure or non-exposure
A. Cohort
B. Cross-sectional
C. Case control

A

C. Case control

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12
Q

Analytic observational: Exposed vs unexposed
A. Cohort
B. Cross-sectional
C. Case control

A

A. Cohort

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13
Q

Asks participant to recall the exposure
A. Prospective cohort
B. Retrospective cohort

A

B. Retrospective cohort

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14
Q

Follows participant in time
A. Prospective cohort
B. Retrospective cohort

A

A. Prospective cohort

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15
Q

Analytic experimental research designs

  1. Time series
  2. Solomon four group
  3. Latin square
  4. One group pre-test - post test
  5. pre-test - post-test control group

A. Pre-experimental
B. True Experimental
C. Quasi experimental
D. Statistical

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
  4. A
  5. B
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16
Q

Analytic experimental research designs

  1. One-shot case study
  2. Randomized blocks
  3. Static group
  4. Factorial design
  5. Post-test only control group

A. Pre-experimental
B. True Experimental
C. Quasi experimental
D. Statistical

A
  1. A
  2. D
  3. A
  4. D
  5. B
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17
Q

Pre-experimental: Observe after giving treatment to a participant
A. One-shot case study
B. One-group case study
C. static group

A

A. One-shot case study

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18
Q

Pre-experimental: Observe first the participant, then give the treatment or management then assess it again
A. One-shot case study
B. One-group case study
C. static group

A

B. One-group case study

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19
Q

Pre-experimental: Has two groups: experimental group & control group
A. One-shot case study
B. One-group case study
C. static group

A

C. static group

NOTE: There is no randomisation in pre-experimental

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20
Q

True experimental: Experimental and Control group will be randomized then only the experimental group will receive the treatment/management then will be observed
A. Post-test only control group
B. Pre-test - post-test control group
C. Solomon four group

A

A. Post-test only control group

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21
Q

True experimental: Randomisation for both experimental group and control group then both of them will be observed. Then your experimental group will receive a
treatment while none for the control group. Then, both of them will be observed.
A. Post-test only control group
B. Pre-test - post-test control group
C. Solomon four group

A

B. Pre-test - post-test control group

22
Q

True experimental: There will be four groups then all of them will be randomized.
1. The first two groups, experimental group and control
group, will be observed and only the experimental
group of the first group will receive the treatment.
Both of them will be observed.
2. While in the second batch, experimental group 2 and
control group 2, won’t be observed but the experimental group will receive the treatment. Both of them will be observed afterwards.
A. Post-test only control group
B. Pre-test - post-test control group
C. Solomon four group

A

C. Solomon four group

23
Q

Quasi-experimental: A group of people will be given a treatment then will be observed on a specific time period
A. Time series
B. Multiple time series

A

A. Time series

24
Q

Quasi-experimental: There will be two groups. All of them will be observed at a specific time, and then will be given
treatment; then will be observed at a specific time period after receiving the treatment.
A. Time series
B. Multiple time series

A

B. Multiple time series

25
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The advantages of using a statistical research design are specific extraneous variables can be statistically controlled, and each test unit can be measured more than once.

A

True

26
Q

The extent to which the outcomes are consistent when the experiment is repeated more than once.

A

Reliability

27
Q

The extent to which the instruments that are used in the experiment to measure exactly what you want them to measure.

A

Validity

28
Q

A study design where a specific questionnaire is developed, then a group of experts will validate it before applying it to a population to check for its reliability.

A

Psychometric study design

-Development/Transition → Validity → Reliability

29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The exclusion criteria is just the opposite of the inclusion criteria.

A

False

30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Both inclusion and exclusion criteria are based on literature found when writing introduction and literature search.

A

True

31
Q

The recruitment process for participants is a step-by-step procedure involving ____.

A

Sampling

32
Q

Software or formula used as a reference for the values
included in the computation

A

Study size

33
Q
  1. Purposive
  2. Stratified
  3. Quota
  4. Cluster
  5. Convenience

A. Probability sampling technique
B. Non-probability sampling technique

A
  1. B
  2. A
  3. B
  4. A
  5. B
34
Q

Occurs when one or more parts of the population are
favored over others. With this, not everyone in the population has an equal chance of being part of the sample.

A

Biased samples

35
Q

Biased samples: Only includes people who are easy to reach
A. Voluntary response sample
B. Convenience sample

A

B. Convenience sample

36
Q

Biased samples: Consists of people that have chosen to include themselves. Only people with strong interest are likely to respond; people who may not feel as strongly about the topic may not even care to respond.
A. Voluntary response sample
B. Convenience sample

A

A. Voluntary response sample

37
Q

Unbiased samples: Random digits table
A. Stratified random sampling
B. Multistage sampling
C. Simple random sampling

A

B. Multistage sampling

38
Q

Unbiased samples: Each individual has an equal chance of being chosen to be part of the sample; the most basic
A. Stratified random sampling
B. Multistage sampling
C. Simple random sampling

A

C. Simple random sampling

39
Q

Unbiased samples: Take the population, then divide it into groups of similar people. Within each group, take a sample and combine all to get the sample.
A. Stratified random sampling
B. Multistage sampling
C. Simple random sampling

A

A. Stratified random sampling

Additional: This is good for making sure that whoever is administering the sample gets in contact with each kind of group

40
Q

Unbiased samples: Go through different stages to find where the sample comes from, using a combination of two or more SRSs
A. Stratified random sampling
B. Multistage sampling
C. Simple random sampling

A

B. Multistage sampling

41
Q

Non-probability sampling: The researcher can control for the potential confounding effect of known characteristics of a population by guiding the sampling process so that an adequate number of subjects are obtained for each stratum. E.g., if you have a similar age group, you will get several representatives of this age group.
A. Quota sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Snowballing sampling
D. Convenience sampling

A

A. Quota sampling

42
Q

Enumerate the 3 criteria used to evaluate the research setting

A
  1. Feasibility
  2. Safety
  3. Adequacy
43
Q

Data gathering procedures in quantitative studies

  1. Initial assessment of variables
  2. Validity testing
  3. Allocation procedures

A. Observational
B. Experimental
C. Psychometric
D. A and B

A
  1. D
  2. C
  3. B
44
Q

Data gathering procedures in quantitative studies

  1. Revision of existing questionnaire
  2. Treatment protocols
  3. Reliability testing of assessors

A. Observational
B. Experimental
C. Psychometric
D. A and B

A
  1. C
  2. B
  3. D
45
Q

How do we write the data gathering procedure?
1. Check sequence
2. Organize into phases
3. Summarize using (1)___
4. Include (2)___

A
  1. diagram
  2. appendices
46
Q

How do we write the data analyses?
1. Check sequence
2. Ensure (1)___ are met
3. Provide (2)___

A
  1. objectives
  2. references
47
Q

Non-probability sampling: The researcher will take / hand pick the participants for the study
A. Quota sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Snowballing sampling
D. Convenience sampling

A

B. Purposive sampling

48
Q

Non-probability sampling: Get a specific part of the population as your participant
A. Quota sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Snowballing sampling
D. Convenience sampling

A

D. Convenience sampling

49
Q

Non-probability sampling: Participants refer other participants with similar symptoms or characteristics of your research
A. Quota sampling
B. Purposive sampling
C. Snowballing sampling
D. Convenience sampling

A

C. Snowballing sampling

50
Q

A good sample is one that is representative of the ___.

A

entire population

(3) RES 2 (6 decks)

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