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Practical - Y3R7 (Community) > S2: Survaillence > Flashcards

S2: Survaillence Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Surveillance

A
  • Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation & dissemination of health data.
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2
Q

Objectives of Surveillance

A

❶ Identification of disease trends & patterns

❷ Identification of changes in Agent, Host & Environmental factors .

❸ Detection of changes in disease occurrence & distribution .

❹ Detection of changes in health care practice .

❺ Help planning & evaluation of prevention & control programs.

❻ Generation of hypotheses & stimulating public health research.

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3
Q

Types of Surveillance

A
  • According to reporting sources
  • According to method of data collection
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4
Q

Types of Surveillance

  • According to reporting source
A
  • Routine surveillance
  • Sentinel surveillance
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5
Q

Characters of Routine surveillance

A

❶ A national population-based surveillance .

❷ Collect data on all identified cases by all possible sources.

❸ Reporting sources complete data collection forms & sent it to the higher levels in a predetermined time & method of notification.

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6
Q

Characters of Sentinel surveillance

A

❶ Used when high quality data are needed
about a particular disease

❷ It depends on selecting reporting units to identify & notify the disease (e.g. large general or infectious disease hospitals)

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7
Q

Characters of hospitals in Sentinel surveillance

A
  • Serve a relatively large population that has easy access to it.
  • Has specialized staff to diagnose & treat cases of disease under surveillance
  • Has high quality diagnostic lab .
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8
Q

Types of Surveillance

  • According to method of data collection
A

Routine & sentinel surveillance may be Passive & Active

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9
Q

Which survaillence method is more common?

A

Passive

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10
Q

Passive survaillence

  • Role of Health authorities
A
  • rely on health care providers or labs to report cases of disease .
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11
Q

Passive survaillence

  • Adv
A
  • Efficient
  • Simple
  • Requires relatively few resources
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12
Q

Passive survaillence

  • Disadv
A
  • possibility of incomplete data due to underreporting.
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13
Q

Active survaillence

  • Role of Health authoroties
A
  • contact health care providers or labs requesting information about possible cases.
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14
Q

Active survaillence

  • Adv
A
  • useful when it is important to identify all cases.
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15
Q

Active survaillence

  • Disadv
A
  • require more resources than passive surveillance.
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16
Q

factors considered in disease prioritization

A

❶ Public health importance of the disease: morbidity, mortality & potential to cause epidemic .

❷ Availability of effective & feasible preventive measures.

❸ Presence of international or regional targets of eradication, elimination or control.

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17
Q

Disease prioritization is a …… process

A

Dynamic

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18
Q

List of diseases under surveillance may change by the …..

A

advisory committee

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19
Q

List of communicable diseases under surveillance, according to the required time of notification is this determined by ……

A

Egyptian Ministry of Health & Population (MOHP)

20
Q

When to Report Group A?

A

Reported immediately by phone or fax.

21
Q

Diseases in Group A

A

-meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), tetanus bird flu, diphtheria, measles, rubella,
mumps, pertussis HIV (AIDS), rabies, acute food poisoning, cholera, malaria, plaque, Rift Valley fever,
Viral hemorrhagic fever, Dengue fever,
COVID-19, anthrax and Zika virus .

22
Q

When to report Group B?

A

Reported weekly

23
Q

Diseases in Group B

A
  • viral hepatitis, tuberculosis (TB), seasonal flu, chicken pox, typhoid, brucellosis, bloody diarrhea leprosy, schistosomiasis and Leishmania.
24
Q

Survaillence Procedures

  • Reporting Sources
A
  • hospitals
  • Governmental and private health care centers.
25
Q

Survaillence Procedures

  • Reporting Form
A
  • to indicate suspected cases of infectious diseases, and a laboratory form is attached to it.
26
Q

Survaillence Procedures

  • Reporting method
A
27
Q

(Peripheral, directorate and central levels)

A

…

28
Q

The physician evaluates infectious cases during the daily work to suspect cases according to the updated case definition

A

…

29
Q

Then, he ……. about suspected cases

A

immediately informs the hospital’s surveillance officer

30
Q

The surveillance officer ……

A

fills in the patient’s data on
the daily reporting form and the laboratory form

31
Q

The officer responsible for the data entry at ……., ……….

A
  • the hospital’s surveillance unit
  • enters the suspected case’s data into the electronic program.
32
Q
  • The hospital director approves the forms on the …….. , and the forms are immediately sent to …….. in the catchment area of the hospital by fax / or manually.
  • Laboratory samples withdrawn are attached and sent to the …….
A
  • same day of the suspicion
  • the Preventive Affairs of the health directorates
  • central laboratories of the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP) .
33
Q
  • The directorate’s surveillance officer reviews all forms and ensures that the data is completed and conformed to the electronic program
A

….

34
Q
  • The results of the samples are handed over to the …….
A

director of the hospital and the director of the Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance at the Ministry of Health and Population (MOHP)

35
Q

The case data is updated and the laboratory results are entered on the electronic program.

A

…

36
Q

Survaillence Procedures

  • Survaillence form
A
37
Q

Survaillence Procedures

  • Data analysis
A
  • The General Department of Epidemiology and Surveillance issues a monthly report on the disease that includes:
  1. the latest updates on the disease
  2. the international epidemiological situation
  3. the epidemiological situation in Egypt
38
Q

What are survaillence procedures?

A

…

39
Q

When to report group A,B Diseases in diff scenarios?

A
40
Q

Def of Suspected Case

A
  • Has symptoms & signs consistent with a particular disease .
  • Used for reporting to public health authorities for further investigation .
41
Q

Def of Probable Case

A
  • With +ve supportive laboratory results consistent with the diagnosis .
  • Yet do not meet criteria for laboratory confirmation
42
Q

Def of Confirmed case

A
  • Lab.: a case with +ve specified lab result, done in a reference lab.
43
Q

Def of Epidemiologically-linked case

A

a case who had contact with ≥ 1 confirmed case or exposed to a point source of infection

44
Q

Outbreak of COVID-19 in a nursing home

  • Different types of cases
A

❶ Suspected: all residents of nursing home with fever & cough .

❷Probable: a suspect case with chest imaging showing findings suggestive of COVID-19 disease.

❸ Confirmed: a probable case plus detection of SARS CoV-2 antigen by RT-PCR

45
Q

Outbreak of swine flu in a nursing home

  • Different types of cases
A

❶ Suspected: all residents of nursing home with fever & cough .

❷ Probable: a suspect case with non-specific lab test positive for influenza A without subtyping of the virus as FA test or ELISA.

❸ Confirmed: a probable case plus detection of virus antigen (H1N1) by RT-PCR

46
Q

Done

A

Done

Practical - Y3R7 (Community) (7 decks)

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