S2: Survaillence Flashcards
Def of Surveillance
- Ongoing systematic collection, analysis, interpretation & dissemination of health data.
Objectives of Surveillance
❶ Identification of disease trends & patterns
❷ Identification of changes in Agent, Host & Environmental factors .
❸ Detection of changes in disease occurrence & distribution .
❹ Detection of changes in health care practice .
❺ Help planning & evaluation of prevention & control programs.
❻ Generation of hypotheses & stimulating public health research.
Types of Surveillance
- According to reporting sources
- According to method of data collection
Types of Surveillance
- According to reporting source
- Routine surveillance
- Sentinel surveillance
Characters of Routine surveillance
❶ A national population-based surveillance .
❷ Collect data on all identified cases by all possible sources.
❸ Reporting sources complete data collection forms & sent it to the higher levels in a predetermined time & method of notification.
Characters of Sentinel surveillance
❶ Used when high quality data are needed
about a particular disease
❷ It depends on selecting reporting units to identify & notify the disease (e.g. large general or infectious disease hospitals)
Characters of hospitals in Sentinel surveillance
- Serve a relatively large population that has easy access to it.
- Has specialized staff to diagnose & treat cases of disease under surveillance
- Has high quality diagnostic lab .
Types of Surveillance
- According to method of data collection
Routine & sentinel surveillance may be Passive & Active
Which survaillence method is more common?
Passive
Passive survaillence
- Role of Health authorities
- rely on health care providers or labs to report cases of disease .
Passive survaillence
- Adv
- Efficient
- Simple
- Requires relatively few resources
Passive survaillence
- Disadv
- possibility of incomplete data due to underreporting.
Active survaillence
- Role of Health authoroties
- contact health care providers or labs requesting information about possible cases.
Active survaillence
- Adv
- useful when it is important to identify all cases.
Active survaillence
- Disadv
- require more resources than passive surveillance.
factors considered in disease prioritization
❶ Public health importance of the disease: morbidity, mortality & potential to cause epidemic .
❷ Availability of effective & feasible preventive measures.
❸ Presence of international or regional targets of eradication, elimination or control.
Disease prioritization is a …… process
Dynamic
List of diseases under surveillance may change by the …..
advisory committee
List of communicable diseases under surveillance, according to the required time of notification is this determined by ……
Egyptian Ministry of Health & Population (MOHP)
When to Report Group A?
Reported immediately by phone or fax.
Diseases in Group A
-meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis (AFP), tetanus bird flu, diphtheria, measles, rubella,
mumps, pertussis HIV (AIDS), rabies, acute food poisoning, cholera, malaria, plaque, Rift Valley fever,
Viral hemorrhagic fever, Dengue fever,
COVID-19, anthrax and Zika virus .
When to report Group B?
Reported weekly
Diseases in Group B
- viral hepatitis, tuberculosis (TB), seasonal flu, chicken pox, typhoid, brucellosis, bloody diarrhea leprosy, schistosomiasis and Leishmania.
Survaillence Procedures
- Reporting Sources
- hospitals
- Governmental and private health care centers.
