S2 Module 3 Flashcards
What is types of cells is blood made up of
Red blood cells white blood cells and platelets floating around in plasma
What do red blood cells do
Transport oxygen and contain pigment haemoglobin
What do white blood cells do
White blood cells are a part of the immune system
They destroy bacteria and viruses
What are the 2 main types of white blood cells
Phagocytes
Lymphocytes
What do phagocytes do
The carry out phagocytosis by engulfing bacteria
What do lymphocytes do?
Produce specific antibodies which destroy viruses
What do anti bodies have?
Specific complimentary binding sites for only one type of foreign particle eg virus
How do vaccines work?
Allow a dead or altered form of the foreign particle to be introduced into the body so the immune system recognises it on exposure
What do platelets do?
Platelets help the blood to clot and reduce bleeding
What is the function of the heart?
Pump blood around the body
What is the heart made of
Cardiac muscle that pumps continuously
What are the 4 chambers in the heart
Right atrium
Left atrium
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
What is ur pulse an indicator of
Health
The fitter the person the?
Lower the resting heart rate
What can a high pulse rate lead to?
Heart disease or stroke
What are low tech ways to measure pulse rate
Fingers stop watch or stethoscope
What are high tech methods for measuring pulse rate
Pulseometer linked to a computer
What do arteries do
They carry blood away from the heart
What do veins do
They care blood to the heart
What do valves do
Prevent back flow of blood
What are capillaries
Small vessels which form a network between arteries and veins
What is oxygenated blood
Blood that’s rich in oxygen
What is de oxygenated blood
Blood that is rich in carbon dioxide
What are the 2 major blood vessel leading away from the heart
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
What are the 2 major vessels leading towards the heart
Pulmonary artery
Vena cava
What does the aorta carry away from the heart
Oxgenated blood
What does the vena cava do
Returns deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart
What does the pulmonary artery do?
Carries de-oxygenated blood away from the heart to
The lungs
What does the pulmonary vein do
Returns oxgenated blood from the lungs to the heart
Why is one side of the heart more muscular than the other
It has to pump blood all around the body whereas the right only has to pump it to the lungs
I what does the coronary artery do?
Supplies the muscular wall of the heart with oxygenated blood
What is it called when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the arteries under pressure?
Blood pressure
What can blood pressure be measured with
Stethoscope and mercury manometer
Digital sphygmomanometer
When does systolic pressure occur
Heart beats and pumps blood into the arteries giving an average of reading of 120/80
When does diastolic pressure occur
Between beats when the heart relaxes and fills with blood giving an average reading of 80 mmhg
What is the average blood pressure for an adult
120/8p
What indicates high blood pressure
Anything over 160/90
What is high blood pressure caused by
Being overweight
Lack of exercise
Incorrect diet
Drinking alchohaul excessively
What can high blood pressure cause
Heart attack and stroke
What can low blood pressure cause
Fainting and heart failure
Why do lungs inflate
Take air into the body
Why do lungs deflate
To remove air from the body
What is the function of the windpipe
Allows air to flow from the mouth or nose towards the lungs
What are bronchi
2 branches which join the windpipe to the lungs
What are bronchioles
Branches from the bronchi which lead to the air sacs
What is the function of air sacs
Allow oxygen to pass from the lungs into the blood and carbon dioxide to pass from the blood to the lungs
What is the function of ribs
Shield or protect the lungs from damage
Describe air sacs
Thin walled and surrounded by capillaries (tiny blood vessels)
Explain breathings rates
The number of breathes u stake in one minute
Why might breathing rate differ between people
Level of activity
Age
Sex
State of health
What does exercise result in
Faster deeper breathing to get more oxygen to muscles and feet rid of waste carbon dioxide
What is recovery time
Time required after exercise or rate and depth of breathing to return to normal
What does a short recovery time indicate
Fitness
What can efficiency of lungs be measured with
Tidal volume
Vital capacity
Peak flow
What is tidal volume
The volume of air breathed in and out in one single breath
What is vital capacity
The maximum value of air a person can breathe your after taking in as deep a breath as possible
What does vital capacity varies on
Body size
Age
Sex
Fitness
What is peak flow
Maximum rate that u can blow air out of ur lungs
what is peak flow measured with
Peak flow meter
What is Asthma
A respitory condition in which the air passages become narrower making breathing difficult cause in wheezing
