S2 Microbes

Question 1

W+

What are the 3 types of microbe?

Answer 1

Viruses, fungi, and bacteria.

Question 2

What do we call microbes that can cause disease?

Answer 2

Pathogens

Question 3

What are some diseases which are caused by viruses?

Answer 3

Cold
Flu
Chickenpox
Coronavirus
Coldsores

Question 4

Describe the structure of a virus.

Answer 4

Viruses have no nucleus, but they do have free-floating DNA.

Question 5

How do viruses reproduce?

Answer 5

Viruses take over the host cell and use it to make copies of themself (to then infect other cells).

Question 5

How do yeast reproduce?

Answer 5

Budding

Question 5

State two common fungi.

Answer 5

Yeast and mould.

Question 6

How do moulds reproduce?

Answer 6

Spores

Question 6

What are some diseases caused by fungi?

Answer 6

Athlete’s foot, thrush, ring worm.

Question 7

What conditions do fungi thrive in?

Answer 7

Cold and wet conditions.

Question 8

What useful products can we make from yeast?

Answer 8

Bread, wine, beer

Question 9

What useful product can we make from mould?

Answer 9

Anti-biotics

Question 10

What are two products made during the fermentation of yeast?

Answer 10

Alcohol and carbon dioxide.

Question 11

Describe the structure of bacteria.

Answer 11

Bacteria have no nucleus but have free floating DNA and DNA rings called Plasmids.

Question 12

How do bacteria reproduce?

Answer 12

Cell division.

Question 13

What are some diseases caused by bacteria?

Answer 13

Gangrene, rotting teeth, tonsilitis, whooping cough.

Question 14

What are two useful products made using bacteria?

Answer 14

Cheese and yoghurt

Question 15

What is the name of the large container used to grow microbes on an industrial scale?

Answer 15

Fermenter

Question 16

What are some conditions that the fermentor makes sure are optimal for microbe growth?

Answer 16

Temperature
Moisture level
pH level
Oxygen concentration
Food/nutrient levels

Question 17

What are precautions we must take when working with microbes?

Answer 17

Wash hands
Disinfect surfaces
Use sterile equipment
Wear a lab coat

Question 18

How can we stop microbes from growing?

Answer 18

Use hand sanitiser
Store food in fridge
Vacuum pack food
Use pesticides

Question 19

What does a catalyst do to a chemical reaction?

Answer 19

It speeds it up.

Question 20

What do we call biological catalysts?

Answer 20

Enzymes.

Question 21

Where are enzymes found inside of cells?

Answer 21

Cytoplasm.

Question 22

What do enzymes do?

Answer 22

They help break down substances into smaller molecules.

Question 23

What is the name of the part of the enzyme molecule that fits with the substrate?

Answer 23

Active site.

Question 24

What is a substrate?

Answer 24

The particular substance on which a particular enzyme works.

Question 25

What are some features of enzymes?

Answer 25

They are specific to one substrate. They have active sites. They break substrates down into products.

Question 26

What is the purpose of the immune system?

Answer 26

It defends our bodies against infection.

Question 27

Which type of cell produces anti-bodies?

Answer 27

White blood cells.

Question 28

What happens when your body comes into contact with a new microbe?

Answer 28

1. Your body doesn't know how to fight it, so you get sicker as the microbe reproduces. 2. Eventually your white blood cells make the right type of anti-body to kill the microbe. 3. These anti-bodies then kill off the microbe.

Question 29

What happens when your body comes into contact with a microbe for the second time?

Answer 29

Your body already knows how to fight it - it stored memory of the correct anti-bodies. So your body quickly kills off the microbe.

Question 30

Describe how vaccines work in 3 bullet points.

Answer 30

1 - You’re injected with small/altered form of the virus. 2- White blood cells produce antibodies for this virus. 3 - MEMORY of these are stored in the body.

Question 31

What type of treatment would you use for bacteria?

Answer 31

Anti-biotics.

Question 32

What type of treatment would you use for a virus?

Answer 32

Anti-virals

Question 33

What type of treatment would you use for a fungus?

Answer 33

Anti-fungals.

Question 34

What is anti-biotic resistance?

Answer 34

It is when germs develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.​

Question 35

How can we prevent anti-biotic resistance?

Answer 35

- not using antibiotics unnecessarily ​ - ensuring that we finish a course of prescribed antibiotics