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KA S2 BGE Science > S2 Microbes > Flashcards

S2 Microbes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

W+

What are the 3 types of microbe?

A

Viruses, fungi, and bacteria.

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2
Q

What do we call microbes that can cause disease?

A

Pathogens

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3
Q

What are some diseases which are caused by viruses?

A

Cold
Flu
Chickenpox
Coronavirus
Coldsores

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a virus.

A

Viruses have no nucleus, but they do have free-floating DNA.

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5
Q

How do viruses reproduce?

A

Viruses take over the host cell and use it to make copies of themself (to then infect other cells).

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5
Q

How do yeast reproduce?

A

Budding

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5
Q

State two common fungi.

A

Yeast and mould.

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6
Q

How do moulds reproduce?

A

Spores

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6
Q

What are some diseases caused by fungi?

A

Athlete’s foot, thrush, ring worm.

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7
Q

What conditions do fungi thrive in?

A

Cold and wet conditions.

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8
Q

What useful products can we make from yeast?

A

Bread, wine, beer

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9
Q

What useful product can we make from mould?

A

Anti-biotics

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10
Q

What are two products made during the fermentation of yeast?

A

Alcohol and carbon dioxide.

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11
Q

Describe the structure of bacteria.

A

Bacteria have no nucleus but have free floating DNA and DNA rings called Plasmids.

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12
Q

How do bacteria reproduce?

A

Cell division.

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13
Q

What are some diseases caused by bacteria?

A

Gangrene, rotting teeth, tonsilitis, whooping cough.

14
Q

What are two useful products made using bacteria?

A

Cheese and yoghurt

15
Q

What is the name of the large container used to grow microbes on an industrial scale?

A

Fermenter

16
Q

What are some conditions that the fermentor makes sure are optimal for microbe growth?

A

Temperature
Moisture level
pH level
Oxygen concentration
Food/nutrient levels

17
Q

What are precautions we must take when working with microbes?

A

Wash hands
Disinfect surfaces
Use sterile equipment
Wear a lab coat

18
Q

How can we stop microbes from growing?

A

Use hand sanitiser
Store food in fridge
Vacuum pack food
Use pesticides

19
Q

What does a catalyst do to a chemical reaction?

A

It speeds it up.

20
Q

What do we call biological catalysts?

A

Enzymes.

21
Q

Where are enzymes found inside of cells?

A

Cytoplasm.

22
Q

What do enzymes do?

A

They help break down substances into smaller molecules.

23
Q

What is the name of the part of the enzyme molecule that fits with the substrate?

A

Active site.

24
Q

What is a substrate?

A

The particular substance on which a particular enzyme works.

25
Q

What are some features of enzymes?

A

They are specific to one substrate.
They have active sites.
They break substrates down into products.

26
Q

What is the purpose of the immune system?

A

It defends our bodies against infection.

27
Q

Which type of cell produces anti-bodies?

A

White blood cells.

28
Q

What happens when your body comes into contact with a new microbe?

A
  1. Your body doesn’t know how to fight it, so you get sicker as the microbe reproduces.
  2. Eventually your white blood cells make the right type of anti-body to kill the microbe.
  3. These anti-bodies then kill off the microbe.
29
Q

What happens when your body comes into contact with a microbe for the second time?

A

Your body already knows how to fight it - it stored memory of the correct anti-bodies.
So your body quickly kills off the microbe.

30
Q

Describe how vaccines work in 3 bullet points.

A

1 - You’re injected with small/altered form of the virus.
2- White blood cells produce antibodies for this virus.
3 - MEMORY of these are stored in the body.

31
Q

What type of treatment would you use for bacteria?

A

Anti-biotics.

32
Q

What type of treatment would you use for a virus?

A

Anti-virals

33
Q

What type of treatment would you use for a fungus?

A

Anti-fungals.

34
Q

What is anti-biotic resistance?

A

It is when germs develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them.​

35
Q

How can we prevent anti-biotic resistance?

A
  • not using antibiotics unnecessarily ​
  • ensuring that we finish a course of prescribed antibiotics

KA S2 BGE Science (6 decks)

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