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(2) Evaluation & Intervention of MSK Conditions 💪 > S1_L3-4: ROM, Stretching, & Flexibility > Flashcards

S1_L3-4: ROM, Stretching, & Flexibility Flashcards

1
Q

(1) ____ is when a muscle contracts on both joints that it crosses to the point where it cannot be shortened anymore.

A
  1. Active insufficiency
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2
Q

Name the 6 structure that can affect ROM.

A
  1. Muscle
  2. Joint structure (synovial fluid & capsule)
  3. Ligament
  4. Fascia
  5. Nerve
  6. Vessels
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3
Q

This is also known as the range of muscle

A

Functional excursion

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4
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PROM may prevent muscle atrophy that is why it’s used in early stages of healing.

A

False.

PROM does not prevent muscle atrophy.

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: AROM & AAROM prevents thrombus formation

A

True.

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6
Q

In wall climbing, proper posture must be taught to avoid (1) ___, (2) ____, (3) ____.

A
  1. trunk side bending
  2. toe reaching
  3. shoulder shrugging
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7
Q

Continuous Passive Motion must initially start at (1) ____ degrees then progress (2) ____ degrees per day as tolerated.

A
  1. 20-30
  2. 10-15
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8
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Gravity provides resistive force against the prime motion, therefore, prime mover
requires assistance.

A

False.

Gravity provides assistive force.

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9
Q

Functional activities require assistance when muscle grade is ___

A

below 3/5

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PROM prevents muscle atrophy.

A

False

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10
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PROM is indicated when a patient is in a comatose.

A

True

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11
Q

____ is dependent on the amount of muscle contraction
and tissue resistance

A

Dynamic Flexibility (Active Mobility / AROM)

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12
Q

What 6 factors contribute to hypomobility?

A

5&6 from Kisner 7th ed.

  1. Prolonged Immobilization
  2. Sedentary lifestyle/habitual postures
  3. Postural malalignment (congenital/acquired) / muscle
  4. Paralysis / weakness
  5. Tissue trauma resulting in inflammation and pain
  6. Congenital or acquired deformities
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13
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Pseudomyostatic contracture occurs on shortened musculotendinous unit.

A

False.

Myostatic contracture occurs on shortened musculotendinous unit.

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14
Q

_____ contracture develops when connective tissue that
attaches to a joint capsule becomes stiff

A

Periarticular

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15
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PROM is used to prevent cartilage degeneration & decrease pain.

A

True.

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16
Q

____ is a time-dependent property of non-contractile connective tissues that allows change in length when sustained.

A

Viscoelasticity

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17
Q

5 factors that cause changes in collagen, thereby affected stress-strain response

A
  1. immobility
  2. inactivity
  3. age
  4. corticosteroids
  5. injury
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18
Q

Autogenic inhibition is the inhibition of the contractile components of the muscle by the ____

A

golgi tendon organ

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19
Q

Name the 7 contraindications for stretching

A
  1. Bony block
  2. Recent fracture or incomplete bony union
  3. Acute inflammatory or infectious process
  4. Sharp, acute pain with joint movement or muscle elongation
  5. Hematoma or tissue trauma
  6. Hypermobility
  7. Contractures or shortened tissues
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20
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Lengthening of opposing tissue is indicated for stretching

A

False.

Stretching is only indicated for shortening of opposing tissue.

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21
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Low intensity stretching is recommended to minimize muscle guarding.

A

True

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22
Q

Which statement is correct?

  1. Cryotherapy is used to minimize post-stretch muscle soreness.
  2. Cryotherapy is used before stretching muscles to prevent soreness.
A

Only the 1st statement is correct.

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23
Q

Stabilization is the fixation of the body segment that has an (1) ____ to the muscle that is to be (2) ____.

A
  1. attachment
  2. stretched
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24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Ballistic stretching is indicated for stroke patients

A

False.

Ballistic stretching is avoided.

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25
Q

Increased tension resists (1)____ & is thought to compromise the effectiveness of the stretching procedure.

A
  1. lengthening
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26
Q

____ may be the adaptive shortening of other soft tissues that cross or surround a joint

A

Contracture

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27
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscle range is describe with terms such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, or rotation.

A

False.

Joint range is describe with terms such as flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, or rotation. Conversely, muscle range is related to the functional excursion of the muscles.

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28
Q

Functional excursion is (1)___ influenced by the joint it (2)___.

A
  1. Directly
  2. Crosses

Source: Kisner 7th ed. pg. 61

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29
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A skateboard or a power board is a friction-free surface that encourages movement without the resistance of gravity of friction.

A

True.

Source: Kisner 7th ed. page 78

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30
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: For two-joint or multi-joint muscles, their range goes beyond the limits of any one joint they cross.

A

True

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31
Q

(1) ____ happens when a muscle is too short to produce much tension. (2) ____ is when a muscle is fully lengthened and limits motion at one of the joints
it crosses.

A
  1. Active insufficiency
  2. Passive Insufficiency
32
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: When the extremity moves downward, gravity causes the motion, and the antagonists need assistance to control the motion eccentrically.

A

True

33
Q

2 ways to perform shoulder internal & external rotation using wand (t-bar) exercise

A
  1. The patient’s arms are at the sides, and the elbows are flexed 90°. Patient moves the wand from
    side to side across the trunk while maintaining the elbows at the side.
  2. The patient’s shoulders are abducted 90°, and the
    elbows are flexed 90°. For external rotation, the wand is
    moved toward the patient’s head; for internal rotation, the wand is moved toward the waistline.
34
Q

How to perform shoulder horizontal adduction & abduction using wand (t-bar) exercise

A

The wand is lifted to 90° shoulder flexion. Keeping the elbows extended, the patient pushes and pulls the wand back and forth across the chest through the available range.

35
Q

____, or reduced functional motion, is often caused by adaptive shortening or decreased extensibility in soft tissues

A

Hypomobility

36
Q

____ is a rapid, forceful intermittent stretch—that is, a high-velocity and high-intensity stretch— and characterized by fast joint movement that quickly elongates the targeted soft tissues

A

Ballistic stretching

37
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Ballistic stretching safely increases ROM in young, healthy subjects participating in a conditioning program.

A

True

38
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Ballistic stretching is recommended for elderly or sedentary individuals or patients with musculoskeletal pathology or chronic contractures.

A

False.

If ballistic stretching is done on elderly or sedentary individuals, tissues weakened by immobilization or disuse are easily injured& dense connective tissue found in chronic contractures becomes more brittle and tears more readily as it does not yield easily with high-intensity, short-duration stretch.

Source: Kisner 7th ed. page 99

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Stretching should be preceded by either low-intensity active exercise or therapeutic heat to warm the tissues that are to be lengthened.

A

True

Source: Kisner 7th ed. page 100

40
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: PROM is used to demonstrate a desire motion, but is not done before passive stretching.

A

False.

PROM is often used preceding passive stretching techniques.

Source: Kisner 7th ed.

41
Q

PROM is done when a condition is ___

A

Acute

42
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: AROM is used for aerobic conditioning programs.

A

True

43
Q

This type of ROM is used when a patient has weak musculature.

A

AAROM

44
Q

What is the desired progression?

AAROM —> (1)____ —> (2)____

A
  1. AROM
  2. Resistance Exercise
45
Q

This kind of ROM prevents thrombus formation.

A

AROM & AAROM

46
Q

On what conditions should ROM exercises be carefully monitored?

A
  1. Myocardial Infarction (MI)
  2. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
  3. Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
47
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscle range of elongation is antagonistic to the line of pull of the muscle

A

True

48
Q

What is the recommended number of smooth & rhythmical repetitions of ROM?

A

5-10 reps

49
Q

When is assistance allowed during AROM?

A
  1. At the beginning or end of AROM
  2. When effect of gravity has greatest movement arm (torque)
50
Q

What are the 5 equipments that may be used in S-AROM?

A
  1. Wand (T-Bar)
  2. Finger Ladder
  3. Overhead Pulleys
  4. Skateboard/ Power Board
  5. Reciprocal Exercise Unit
51
Q

The Wand (T-Bar) equipment is used for the (1)___ extremity & is done in (2)___ position when maximum protection is needed.

A
  1. Upper
  2. Supine
52
Q

This equipment is used for shoulder flexion & abduction

A

Finger Ladder

53
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Overhead Pulleys must only be used when muscle activity is desired.

A

True

54
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A power board may be done for hip abduction & adduction.

A

True

55
Q

Duration of CPM usage

A

Minimum of 1 week

56
Q

Rate of motion of CPM

A

1 cycle/45 seconds or 2 minutes

57
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Passive flexibility is a prerequisite for dynamic flexibility.

A

True

58
Q

A bony block is considered an ___ factor that contributes to hypomobility

A

Intrinsic

59
Q

____ is the adaptive shortening of muscle-tendon unit & can result in complete LOM

A

Contractures

60
Q

A (1)____ contracture is when no specific muscle pathology is present, while a (2)___ contracture has hypertonicity associated with CNS lesions, muscles spasm & muscle guarding.

A
  1. Myostatic/ myogenic
  2. Pseudomyostatic
61
Q

What are the 4 types of contractures:

A
  1. Myostatic
  2. Pseudomyostatic
  3. Arthrogenic & periarticular
  4. Fibrotic & irreversible
62
Q

When a patient is relaxed as possible during the stretch, it is called ____

A

Passive stretching

63
Q

If the patient assists in moving the joint through a greater range, it is called ____

A

Assisted stretching

64
Q

Muscle Energy Technique (MET) is also known as

A

Post Isometric Relaxation

65
Q

____ is used to improve or restore nerve tissue mobility

A

Neural Tissue Mobilization/ Neuromeningeal Mobilization

66
Q

What is the primary cause of LOM?

A

Decreased extensibility of connective tissue

67
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: Both contractile & non-contractile tissues have a viscoelastic property.

A

False

Only non-contractile tissues have a viscoelastic property

68
Q

____ allows a soft tissue to assume a new & greater length even when a force has been removed.

A

Plastic Deformation/ Plasticity

69
Q

____ are responsible for the strength & stiffness of tissue, along with resisting tensile deformation

A

Collagen fibers.

70
Q

High amounts of elastin leads to ___

A

Greater flexibility

71
Q

Tissues that withstand high tensile loads are high in (1)____, while tissues that withstand greater compressive loads have greater concentrations of (2)____

A
  1. Collagen fibers
  2. Proteoglycans (PGs)
72
Q

Region in the stress strain curve where most functional activity normally occurs

A

Toe Region

Source: Kisner & Colby 7th ed.

73
Q

GR.II ligament injury in a stress strain curve means that the tissue has reached ___

A

Macro failure

74
Q

Corticosteroids decreased the (1)___ strength of the mechanical properties of (2)___

A
  1. Tensile
  2. Collagen
75
Q

Inactivity decreases the (1)___ & (2)___ of collagen fibers

A
  1. Size
  2. Amount
76
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: A longer lever arm creates a greater torque at a joint

A

True

77
Q

Number of seconds in a cyclic (intermittent) stretching

A

5-10 seconds

(2) Evaluation & Intervention of MSK Conditions 💪 (14 decks)

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