S1 Wk 4 - Introduction to Social Psychology Flashcards
in late 1800s psychology was based around
individuals (reaction times etc)
What did MacDougall look at and when
1917
role of social regulation important
what did Gustave Le Bon look at and when 3 points
1898
group mind whereby crowds revert a primitive Origins
individual reactions absorbed into ‘mob’
charismatic leaders have mesmeric effect on audience
3 points from Emile Dirkheim and birth and death
1858 - 1917
social facts not properties of individuals but collective representations
role of language essential
founded sociology, where a version of social psychology was later developed
Norms, beliefs, values form what
Collective consciousness
Influence of economies 4 points
Many early development in social psych driven by economic interests
W.D.Scott (1903): psychology of advertising
Industrial psychologists sought to maximise output
Rensis Likert devised the Likert scale (1932), taken up in marketing
The rise of experimental psychology 3 points
Important influence of behaviourism
Allport (1924): much behaviour the result of conditioning (e.g. child language)
Experimental designs allowed researchers to test social hypotheses in the laboratory
historical influences 1 point 2 questions
World War 2 shaped many subsequent topics studied by social psychologists
E.g., obedience and conformity
Why did ‘ordinary’ Germans trust the Nazis?
Why did ‘ordinary’ soldiers carry out such atrocities?
Asch: conformity in the laboratory
what happened and findings 2 points each
Experimentally generated social pressure
Manipulation of genuine participant to produce obviously wrong answers
Only 25% of Ps answered correctly on all trials 5% answered wrongly on all trials
Milgram’s obedience studies in the ….
1 point 1 finding
1960s
Variety of designs, but in each a genuine participant had to give ‘shocks’ to learner
62% (in at least one trial) delivered ‘shock’ that would have been fatal if real
what did Schachter & Singer look at and when
1962
labelling theory of emotion
Social cues influenced participants’ emotion despite same level of physical arousal
Albeit only when incorrect feedback given
The significance of Kitty Genovese’s murder on ‘bystander’ behaviour has been misinterpreted by social psychologists because:
More people tried to intervene than was reported in the media
what did Latane and Darley study and when + 2 details
series of bystander intervention studies in 1960s and 70s
Varied characteristics of ‘victim’ and nature of situation
These influenced, along with number of bystanders, people’s willingness to intervene
What three phenomena influence the emergence of social cognition as dominant approaching social psychology during the 1970s
The development of psychometric scales
increased interest in ways of measuring the self (Likert scales)
the cognitive revolution in psychology more generally
Icek Ajzen 2 studies when and what
Ajzen & Fishbein (1970): theory of reasoned action
- beliefs and attitudes predict intentions
Ajzen (1991): theory of planned behaviour
- added factor of perceived behavioural control
