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nclex 3 > S/S > Flashcards

S/S Flashcards

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1
Q

myasthenia gravis s/s?

A

myasthenia gravis s/s?

We see diplopia, ptosis, impaired speech, dysphagia, respiratory distress

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2
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Back/joint pain and pathological fractures

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3
Q

Hypoparathyrodism

A

CATS: convulsions, arrythmias, tetany, spasms, stridor

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4
Q

Hypovolemia

A 
Increased temp
Rapid/weak pulse
Increased respirations
Decrease BP
Anxiety
Urine specific gravity >1.030
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5
Q

Hypervolemia

A

Fluid overload

Bounding pulse
SOB
Dyspnea
Rales/crackles
Peripheral edema
HTN
Urine specific gravity <1.010
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6
Q

If we suspect digoxin toxicity, what lab value should we check as a hidden sign

A

Magnesium could be low causing this!

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7
Q

When drawing up regular insulin with NPH, which order do you draw them up?

A

RN!!

Regular before NPH

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8
Q

Which disease should you avoid when you are pregnant?

A

German measles! AKA Rubella

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9
Q

S&S of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

A

Think S&M

You get hot (hyperpyrexia)
You get stiff (increased muscle tone)
You get sweaty (diaphoresis)
BP, Pulse and Resp inrease
Start to drool!
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10
Q

What do we do as the nurse for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

Immediately withdraw anti-psychotic meds (like Haldol)
Control hyperthermia
Hydration
Give Dantroline and Bromocriptine

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11
Q

ICP vs Shock vital signs

A

ICP: High BP, low pulse, low respirations

Shock: Low BP, high pulse, high respirations

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12
Q

Diet of a premature infant?

What do they need more of ?

What supplements do they need?

A

100-200 kcal/kg/day
Need more sodium, calcium, and protein than full term infants
Supplements: Vitamin A, C, D, and iron. Sometimes Vitamin E. Vitamin K to prevent clotting problems

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13
Q

How many diapers for a full term infant

A

6-8 wet diapers and one stool daily

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14
Q

Diet of a full term infant

A

120 cal/kg/day
Human milk is ideal for first 0-12 months
IF using formula, should me for 12 months, before going to regular cows milk

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15
Q

Introducing a child to table foods: 1-4 months they can have what supplements?

A

Liquid vitamins only (A, C, D, and fluoride if indicated)

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16
Q

Introducing a child to table foods: 4-5 months they can have

A

Cereal (usually rice cereal first)

Strained fruits next

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17
Q

Introducing a child to table foods: 5-6 months

A

Strained veggies

Strained meat

18
Q

Introducing a child to table foods: 7-9 months:

A

Chopped meat,

hard breads and “finger foods”,

baked potato and mashed potato

19
Q

Diet for toddler through adolescent should be

A

High protein and high calcium

Allow the toddler to pick foods to avoid an argument (we just want them to eat! Anything!)

20
Q

Diet for adolescent

A

Caloric, protein and calcium is high!

For adolescent girls that are menstruating, we need to increase their iron
Must have high minerals and high vitamins

21
Q

Where do we get pulses for CPR in an adult and infant

A

Adult: Neck (sternoceidomastoid)
Infant: Arm (Brachial)

22
Q

What is cor pulmonale?

What causes it?

A

Abnormal enlargement of the right side (right HF) of the heart as a result of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels (left heart failure).

Choose Edema or JVD if its a choice

23
Q

Additional calories needed for a pregnant woman, and then for a lactating woman

A

Extra 300/day for a pregnant woman

Extra 500/day for a lactating woman

24
Q

Difference between Enteral nutrition and Parenteral nutrition

A

Enteral goes to the stomach via G-tube or something

Parenteral goes through the heart straight into the cells

25
Q

What do we do if the Parenteral nutrition needs to be stopped immediately or the new feeding bag is not ready on the unit

A

Hang D10% so we can keep the patients sugars in check and they don’t suddenly go hypoglycemic

26
Q

Anuria vs oliguria vs polyuria vs dysuria vs enuresis

A 
Anuria = <100 ml in 24 hours (basically nothing)
Oliguria = 100-400 ml in 24 hours
Polyuria = >2000 ml in 24 hours (too much!)
Dysuria = painful or difficult voiding
Enuresis = bed wetting in a child over 5 (usually have small bladder and more common in males)
27
Q

Kegel exercises

A

Used to strengthen muscles of pelvic floor

Tighten pelvic muscles for a count of 3, then relax for a count of 3. Do this lying down, sitting, and standing for a total of 45

28
Q

Toilet training time schedule

A

Never begin before 18th month
2-3 years: bladder control reflex achieved
3 years: regular voiding habits establisted
4 years: independent bathroom activity
5 years: night time control expected

29
Q

Neprolithiasis

A

Kidney stones

30
Q

Uterolithiasis

A

Stones in the ureter

31
Q

Causes of kidney/ureter stones

A 
Obstruction and urinary stasis
Hypercalcemia
Dehydration
Immobility
Gout
32
Q

What do we do as the nurse for kidney stones

A

Monitor I&O and temp
Avoid over hydration and under hydration
Strain the urine and check the PH
Give analgesics

33
Q

Diet for prevention of stones

A

Low calcium
Low sodium
Low in oxylates (spinach, cola, tea, chocolate)
No vitamin D (increases calcium absorption)
Low organ meats

34
Q

Drugs for stones

A

Broad spectrum antibiotics
Thiazide diuretics
Allopurinol
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

35
Q

Extracorporeal Shock wave therapy

A

Non-invasive treatment of the kidney using an acoustic pulse.
Teach patient to report fever, decreased UO and pain
Hematuria is expected but should clear within 24 hours

36
Q

Cystitis

A

Inflammation of the bladder

Urinary frequency, burning on urination, cloudy/foul smelling odor

37
Q

What do we do as nurses for cystitis

A

Get a clean catch for testing
Encourage 3000ml of fluid a day
Give cranberry juice / urinary acidifiers
Void every 2-3 hours
Teach females to void after intercourse and to wipe from front to back

38
Q

Pyelonephritis

A

Inflammation of the kidney caused by a bacteria

Chills, fever, malaise, flank pain, urinary frequency, dysuria, CVA tenderness

39
Q

What do we as nurses do for Pyelonephritis

A

Bedrest during the acute phase
Antibiotic therapy, antiseptics, analgesics
Encourage 3000ml/day

40
Q

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

A

Client performs self-dialysis 7 days a week 24 hours a day
Dialysis is warmed (using heat pad), then infused and then dwell time is 4-8 hours
Tubing and bag is disconnected or rolled up and worn under the clothing
After the dwell time, the fluid is drained back into the bag and then the process is repeated

41
Q

What do we do as the nurse for sleep apnea syndrome

A

Avoid alcohol and meds that depress the upper airway
Talk about weight loss and diet
CPAP or BiPAP
Surgery
Low-flow O2
Position (fixing devices are used to prevent subluxation of the neck and tongue obstruction)

nclex 3 (12 decks)

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