S/S

Question 1

myasthenia gravis s/s?

Answer 1

myasthenia gravis s/s?

We see diplopia, ptosis, impaired speech, dysphagia, respiratory distress

Question 2

Hyperparathyroidism

Answer 2

Back/joint pain and pathological fractures

Question 3

Hypoparathyrodism

Answer 3

CATS: convulsions, arrythmias, tetany, spasms, stridor

Question 4

Hypovolemia

Answer 4

Increased temp
Rapid/weak pulse
Increased respirations
Decrease BP
Anxiety
Urine specific gravity >1.030

Question 5

Hypervolemia

Answer 5

Fluid overload

Bounding pulse
SOB
Dyspnea
Rales/crackles
Peripheral edema
HTN
Urine specific gravity <1.010

Question 6

If we suspect digoxin toxicity, what lab value should we check as a hidden sign

Answer 6

Magnesium could be low causing this!

Question 7

When drawing up regular insulin with NPH, which order do you draw them up?

Answer 7

RN!!

Regular before NPH

Question 8

Which disease should you avoid when you are pregnant?

Answer 8

German measles! AKA Rubella

Question 9

S&S of Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

Answer 9

Think S&M

You get hot (hyperpyrexia)
You get stiff (increased muscle tone)
You get sweaty (diaphoresis)
BP, Pulse and Resp inrease
Start to drool!

Question 10

What do we do as the nurse for neuroleptic malignant syndrome

Answer 10

Immediately withdraw anti-psychotic meds (like Haldol)
Control hyperthermia
Hydration
Give Dantroline and Bromocriptine

Question 11

ICP vs Shock vital signs

Answer 11

ICP: High BP, low pulse, low respirations

Shock: Low BP, high pulse, high respirations

Question 12

Diet of a premature infant?

What do they need more of ?

What supplements do they need?

Answer 12

100-200 kcal/kg/day
Need more sodium, calcium, and protein than full term infants
Supplements: Vitamin A, C, D, and iron. Sometimes Vitamin E. Vitamin K to prevent clotting problems

Question 13

How many diapers for a full term infant

Answer 13

6-8 wet diapers and one stool daily

Question 14

Diet of a full term infant

Answer 14

120 cal/kg/day
Human milk is ideal for first 0-12 months
IF using formula, should me for 12 months, before going to regular cows milk

Question 15

Introducing a child to table foods: 1-4 months they can have what supplements?

Answer 15

Liquid vitamins only (A, C, D, and fluoride if indicated)

Question 16

Introducing a child to table foods: 4-5 months they can have

Answer 16

Cereal (usually rice cereal first)

Strained fruits next

Question 17

Introducing a child to table foods: 5-6 months

Answer 17

Strained veggies

Strained meat

Question 18

Introducing a child to table foods: 7-9 months:

Answer 18

Chopped meat,

hard breads and “finger foods”,

baked potato and mashed potato

Question 19

Diet for toddler through adolescent should be

Answer 19

High protein and high calcium

Allow the toddler to pick foods to avoid an argument (we just want them to eat! Anything!)

Question 20

Diet for adolescent

Answer 20

Caloric, protein and calcium is high!

For adolescent girls that are menstruating, we need to increase their iron
Must have high minerals and high vitamins

Question 21

Where do we get pulses for CPR in an adult and infant

Answer 21

Adult: Neck (sternoceidomastoid)
Infant: Arm (Brachial)

Question 22

What is cor pulmonale?

What causes it?

Answer 22

Abnormal enlargement of the right side (right HF) of the heart as a result of disease of the lungs or the pulmonary blood vessels (left heart failure).

Choose Edema or JVD if its a choice

Question 23

Additional calories needed for a pregnant woman, and then for a lactating woman

Answer 23

Extra 300/day for a pregnant woman

Extra 500/day for a lactating woman

Question 24

Difference between Enteral nutrition and Parenteral nutrition

Answer 24

Enteral goes to the stomach via G-tube or something

Parenteral goes through the heart straight into the cells

Question 25

What do we do if the Parenteral nutrition needs to be stopped immediately or the new feeding bag is not ready on the unit

Answer 25

Hang D10% so we can keep the patients sugars in check and they don't suddenly go hypoglycemic

Question 26

Anuria vs oliguria vs polyuria vs dysuria vs enuresis

Answer 26

``` Anuria = <100 ml in 24 hours (basically nothing) Oliguria = 100-400 ml in 24 hours Polyuria = >2000 ml in 24 hours (too much!) Dysuria = painful or difficult voiding Enuresis = bed wetting in a child over 5 (usually have small bladder and more common in males) ```

Question 27

Kegel exercises

Answer 27

Used to strengthen muscles of pelvic floor Tighten pelvic muscles for a count of 3, then relax for a count of 3. Do this lying down, sitting, and standing for a total of 45

Question 28

Toilet training time schedule

Answer 28

Never begin before 18th month 2-3 years: bladder control reflex achieved 3 years: regular voiding habits establisted 4 years: independent bathroom activity 5 years: night time control expected

Question 29

Neprolithiasis

Answer 29

Kidney stones

Question 30

Uterolithiasis

Answer 30

Stones in the ureter

Question 31

Causes of kidney/ureter stones

Answer 31

``` Obstruction and urinary stasis Hypercalcemia Dehydration Immobility Gout ```

Question 32

What do we do as the nurse for kidney stones

Answer 32

Monitor I&O and temp Avoid over hydration and under hydration Strain the urine and check the PH Give analgesics

Question 33

Diet for prevention of stones

Answer 33

Low calcium Low sodium Low in oxylates (spinach, cola, tea, chocolate) No vitamin D (increases calcium absorption) Low organ meats

Question 34

Drugs for stones

Answer 34

Broad spectrum antibiotics Thiazide diuretics Allopurinol Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine)

Question 35

Extracorporeal Shock wave therapy

Answer 35

Non-invasive treatment of the kidney using an acoustic pulse. Teach patient to report fever, decreased UO and pain Hematuria is expected but should clear within 24 hours

Question 36

Cystitis

Answer 36

Inflammation of the bladder Urinary frequency, burning on urination, cloudy/foul smelling odor

Question 37

What do we do as nurses for cystitis

Answer 37

Get a clean catch for testing Encourage 3000ml of fluid a day Give cranberry juice / urinary acidifiers Void every 2-3 hours Teach females to void after intercourse and to wipe from front to back

Question 38

Pyelonephritis

Answer 38

Inflammation of the kidney caused by a bacteria Chills, fever, malaise, flank pain, urinary frequency, dysuria, CVA tenderness

Question 39

What do we as nurses do for Pyelonephritis

Answer 39

Bedrest during the acute phase Antibiotic therapy, antiseptics, analgesics Encourage 3000ml/day

Question 40

Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Answer 40

Client performs self-dialysis 7 days a week 24 hours a day Dialysis is warmed (using heat pad), then infused and then dwell time is 4-8 hours Tubing and bag is disconnected or rolled up and worn under the clothing After the dwell time, the fluid is drained back into the bag and then the process is repeated

Question 41

What do we do as the nurse for sleep apnea syndrome

Answer 41

Avoid alcohol and meds that depress the upper airway Talk about weight loss and diet CPAP or BiPAP Surgery Low-flow O2 Position (fixing devices are used to prevent subluxation of the neck and tongue obstruction)