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* DIT each session > Rx rxns Day 9.3 / Day 11.1 > Flashcards

Rx rxns Day 9.3 / Day 11.1 Flashcards

1
Q

What drugs cause atropine-like side effects?

A

(Atropine-like means anti-cholinergic)
TCAs
Low-potency, Typical Neuroleptics (theoridozine, clorpromazine)
1st gen anti-histamines (diphenhydramine, ciproheptadine, hydroxazine)- so don’t give to elderly bc can cause delerium
Amantidine (for parkinsons)

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2
Q

What drugs cause coronary vasospasm?

A

Cocaine, Amphetamines (meth)

Sumatriptan and Ergotamines

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3
Q

How do sumatriptan and ergotamine work, what do they do, and when are they contraindicated?

A

Used for headaches, work by causing vasoconstriction.

Contraindicated in Prinz-Metal angina or in CAD bc they can cause coronary vasospasm.

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4
Q

What drugs cause cutaneous flushing?

A 
VANC:
Vancomycin
Adenosine
Niacin
Ca2+ chnl blockers (esp dihydropyridine- work at vasculature, not in heart)
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5
Q

Why does the body flush so much with adenosine?

A

Body sees adenosine as meaning no ATP (aka ATP w/o any phosphates) so it is a really potent vasodilator.

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6
Q

What drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
Daunorubicin

these are anti-cancer drugs- they generate free radicals and cause decreased DNA replication
used for Hodgkin’s lymphomas, also myelomas, sarcomas, solid tumors (breast, ovary, lung)

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7
Q

What drugs cause Torsades de pointes?

A 
Anything that prolongs the QT interval:
Class III anti-arrhy (sotalol) (K+ blocker)
Class IA anti-arrhy (quinidine) (Na+ blocker)
Cisapride
Macrolides
Haloperidol, Risperidone
Chlorquine, mefloquine
Methadone
HIV protease inhibitors
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8
Q

What is the treatment for torsades de pointes?

A

Mg2+

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9
Q

What drugs cause agranulocytosis

A 
Clozapine
Carbamazapine
Colchicine
PTU (propylthiouracil) and methemazole (anti-thyroid)
Dapsone
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10
Q

What drugs cause aplastic anemia?

A

Chloramphenicol
Benzene
NSAIDs
PTU and methemazole (anti-thyroid)

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11
Q

What drug causes direct coombs-positive hemolytic anemia?

A

Methyldopa (used for HTN, esp in prego)

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12
Q

What drug causes grey baby syndrome?

A

Chloramphenicol

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13
Q

What drugs cause hemolysis in G6PD deficient pts?

A 
hemolysis IS PAIN:
INH
Sulfonamides
Primaquine
Aspirin (high dose)
Ibuprofen
Nitrofurantois (UTI cystitis)

also
Dapsone
Napthalene
Fava beans

Basically, anything that increases oxidative dmg to RBCs.

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14
Q

What drugs cause megaloblastic anemia?

A

PMS is a blast!
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Sulfa drugs

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15
Q

Drugs that cause thrombolytic complications (DVTs, PEs)

A

OCPs (estrogens, progesterones)
esp don’t give to >35yo smokers.

Also, if you give OCPs to women who have migranes w aura, you will increase their risk of stroke.

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16
Q

Drugs that cause thrombocytopenia

A 
Heparin (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia)
H2 blockers (cimetidine)
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17
Q

Drugs that cause cough

A 
ACE inhibitors (-pril)
note: ARBs like losartan do NOT cause cough
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18
Q

Why do ACE inhibitors cause cough?

A

Bradykinin is a vasodilator
ACE usu breaks down bradykinin
If you’re on an ACE inhibitor, you won’t break down bradykinin, so there will be lots of excess vasodilation- and this will cause cough.
It will also cause angioedema.

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19
Q

What drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?

A

It’s hard to BLAB with pulm fibrosis:
BLeomycin (for testicular cancer, Hodgkin’s)
Amiodarone (class III anti-arrhy)
Bulsulfan (for CML)

20
Q

What drugs cause acute cholestatic hepatits?

A

Macrolides (but actually ok in prego)

Estolate

21
Q

What drugs cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?

A

Halothane
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Amanita phalloides (a mushroom)

22
Q

What drugs cause Pseudomembranous Colitis?

A

Clindamycin, ampicillin

But any abx really

23
Q

Withdrawal of what drug causes tertiary adrenocortical insufficiency?

A

Glucocorticoid withdrawal (HPA suppression)

24
Q

What drugs cause gynecomastia?

A 
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers:
Spironolactone
Digitalis
Citmetidine (H2 blocker)
Alcohol (chronic use)
Ketaconazole (anti-fungal)

also, estrogens (duh)
and marajuana, heroin, psychoactives

25
Q

What are the non-drug causes of gynecomastia?

A

Results from hyper-estrogenism, Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY), or drugs

Hyper estrogenism can be caused by cirrhosis, testicular tumor, puberty, old age.

26
Q

What drugs cause hot flashes

A

Tamoxifen and clomiphene (SERMs)

27
Q

What drugs cause hypothyroidism?

A 
Lithium
Amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic class III K+)
28
Q

Amiloride

A

K+ sparing diuretic.

Don’t get confused with Amiodarone, which is a K+ chnl blocker class III anti-arrhythmic.

Urine “rides” out.
“Drone” (darone) of the heart beating.

29
Q

What drug causes gingival hyperplasia?

A

Phenytoin

30
Q

What drugs cause gout?

A

Furosemide, thiadizes (both are diuretics)

31
Q

What drugs cause osteoporosis?

A

Heparin

Corticosteroids (if taking more than 3 months, need to be on bisphosphonate)

32
Q

What drugs cause photosensitivity?

A

SAT
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone (anti-arr)
Tetracyclines

33
Q

What drugs cause rash (SJS)?

A 
Seizure/Sulfa/Cillin:
Ethosuxamide
Lamotrigine
Carbamazepine
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
Sulfa drugs
Penicillin
Allopurinol
34
Q

SLE-like syndrome (drug-induced SLE)

A 
SHIPP:
Sulfonamides
Hydralazine
INH
Procainamide
Phenytoin

With drug-induced SLE, have anti-histone Ab.
It’s reversible w removal of drug

35
Q

What drug causes tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage dmg in kids

A

Fluroquinolones

36
Q

What drug causes Fanconi’s syndrome (proximal tubule reabsorption defect)?

A

Expired tetracycline

Fanconi’s syndrome can also be caused by heavy metal exposure and Wilson’s dz (copper accumulation)

37
Q

What drugs cause interstital nephritis?

A

Methicillin
NSAIDs
Furosemide

38
Q

What drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?

A

Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide

These drugs make toxic metabolites. Can prevent hemorrhagic cystitis by co-administration w mesna, which binds to the toxic metabolites.

39
Q

What is cinchonism?

A

Dizziness, headache, vision changes, and tinnitis

40
Q

What drugs cause cinchonism?

A

Quinidine (Class 1A anti-arr)

Quinine (anti-malarial)

41
Q

What drugs cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?

A

Lithium
Demeclocycline

Treat w hydrochlorothiazide, and if lithium-induced, make sure to add amiloride.

42
Q

What drugs cause Parkinson-like syndrome (reversible)?

A 
High potency neuroleptics
Haloperidol
Chlorpromazine
Reserpine
Metoclopramide
MPTP

MPTP is a toxic metabolite generated when making illegal homemade meperidine (demerol)

43
Q

What drugs cause seizures?

A 
Buproprion
Imipenem/Cilastatin
INH
Evening primrose
Enflurane

also benzo withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal

44
Q

What drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?

A

High potency antipsychotics (the typical ones: haloperidol + the -azines)

45
Q

What drugs cause disulfiram-like rxn?

A 
Metronidazole
some Cephalosporins
1st gen sulfonylureas
Procarbazine
Disulfiram
46
Q

What drugs cause nephrotoxocity and neurotoxicity?

A

Polymyxins (abx for gram neg- disrupt cell mbrs)

47
Q

What drugs cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?

A

Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
Loop diuretics
Cisplatin

* DIT each session (34 decks)

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