Rx rxns Day 9.3 / Day 11.1 Flashcards
What drugs cause atropine-like side effects?
(Atropine-like means anti-cholinergic)
TCAs
Low-potency, Typical Neuroleptics (theoridozine, clorpromazine)
1st gen anti-histamines (diphenhydramine, ciproheptadine, hydroxazine)- so don’t give to elderly bc can cause delerium
Amantidine (for parkinsons)
What drugs cause coronary vasospasm?
Cocaine, Amphetamines (meth)
Sumatriptan and Ergotamines
How do sumatriptan and ergotamine work, what do they do, and when are they contraindicated?
Used for headaches, work by causing vasoconstriction.
Contraindicated in Prinz-Metal angina or in CAD bc they can cause coronary vasospasm.
What drugs cause cutaneous flushing?
VANC: Vancomycin Adenosine Niacin Ca2+ chnl blockers (esp dihydropyridine- work at vasculature, not in heart)
Why does the body flush so much with adenosine?
Body sees adenosine as meaning no ATP (aka ATP w/o any phosphates) so it is a really potent vasodilator.
What drugs cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
Doxorubicin (adriamycin)
Daunorubicin
these are anti-cancer drugs- they generate free radicals and cause decreased DNA replication
used for Hodgkin’s lymphomas, also myelomas, sarcomas, solid tumors (breast, ovary, lung)
What drugs cause Torsades de pointes?
Anything that prolongs the QT interval: Class III anti-arrhy (sotalol) (K+ blocker) Class IA anti-arrhy (quinidine) (Na+ blocker) Cisapride Macrolides Haloperidol, Risperidone Chlorquine, mefloquine Methadone HIV protease inhibitors
What is the treatment for torsades de pointes?
Mg2+
What drugs cause agranulocytosis
Clozapine Carbamazapine Colchicine PTU (propylthiouracil) and methemazole (anti-thyroid) Dapsone
What drugs cause aplastic anemia?
Chloramphenicol
Benzene
NSAIDs
PTU and methemazole (anti-thyroid)
What drug causes direct coombs-positive hemolytic anemia?
Methyldopa (used for HTN, esp in prego)
What drug causes grey baby syndrome?
Chloramphenicol
What drugs cause hemolysis in G6PD deficient pts?
hemolysis IS PAIN: INH Sulfonamides Primaquine Aspirin (high dose) Ibuprofen Nitrofurantois (UTI cystitis)
also
Dapsone
Napthalene
Fava beans
Basically, anything that increases oxidative dmg to RBCs.
What drugs cause megaloblastic anemia?
PMS is a blast!
Phenytoin
Methotrexate
Sulfa drugs
Drugs that cause thrombolytic complications (DVTs, PEs)
OCPs (estrogens, progesterones)
esp don’t give to >35yo smokers.
Also, if you give OCPs to women who have migranes w aura, you will increase their risk of stroke.
Drugs that cause thrombocytopenia
Heparin (heparin-induced thrombocytopenia) H2 blockers (cimetidine)
Drugs that cause cough
ACE inhibitors (-pril) note: ARBs like losartan do NOT cause cough
Why do ACE inhibitors cause cough?
Bradykinin is a vasodilator
ACE usu breaks down bradykinin
If you’re on an ACE inhibitor, you won’t break down bradykinin, so there will be lots of excess vasodilation- and this will cause cough.
It will also cause angioedema.
What drugs cause pulmonary fibrosis?
It’s hard to BLAB with pulm fibrosis:
BLeomycin (for testicular cancer, Hodgkin’s)
Amiodarone (class III anti-arrhy)
Bulsulfan (for CML)
What drugs cause acute cholestatic hepatits?
Macrolides (but actually ok in prego)
Estolate
What drugs cause focal to massive hepatic necrosis?
Halothane
Valproic acid
Acetaminophen
Amanita phalloides (a mushroom)
What drugs cause Pseudomembranous Colitis?
Clindamycin, ampicillin
But any abx really
Withdrawal of what drug causes tertiary adrenocortical insufficiency?
Glucocorticoid withdrawal (HPA suppression)
What drugs cause gynecomastia?
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers: Spironolactone Digitalis Citmetidine (H2 blocker) Alcohol (chronic use) Ketaconazole (anti-fungal)
also, estrogens (duh)
and marajuana, heroin, psychoactives
What are the non-drug causes of gynecomastia?
Results from hyper-estrogenism, Klinefelter’s syndrome (XXY), or drugs
Hyper estrogenism can be caused by cirrhosis, testicular tumor, puberty, old age.
What drugs cause hot flashes
Tamoxifen and clomiphene (SERMs)
What drugs cause hypothyroidism?
Lithium Amiodarone (anti-arrhythmic class III K+)
Amiloride
K+ sparing diuretic.
Don’t get confused with Amiodarone, which is a K+ chnl blocker class III anti-arrhythmic.
Urine “rides” out.
“Drone” (darone) of the heart beating.
What drug causes gingival hyperplasia?
Phenytoin
What drugs cause gout?
Furosemide, thiadizes (both are diuretics)
What drugs cause osteoporosis?
Heparin
Corticosteroids (if taking more than 3 months, need to be on bisphosphonate)
What drugs cause photosensitivity?
SAT
Sulfonamides
Amiodarone (anti-arr)
Tetracyclines
What drugs cause rash (SJS)?
Seizure/Sulfa/Cillin: Ethosuxamide Lamotrigine Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Sulfa drugs Penicillin Allopurinol
SLE-like syndrome (drug-induced SLE)
SHIPP: Sulfonamides Hydralazine INH Procainamide Phenytoin
With drug-induced SLE, have anti-histone Ab.
It’s reversible w removal of drug
What drug causes tendonitis, tendon rupture, and cartilage dmg in kids
Fluroquinolones
What drug causes Fanconi’s syndrome (proximal tubule reabsorption defect)?
Expired tetracycline
Fanconi’s syndrome can also be caused by heavy metal exposure and Wilson’s dz (copper accumulation)
What drugs cause interstital nephritis?
Methicillin
NSAIDs
Furosemide
What drugs cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
Cyclophosphamide
Ifosfamide
These drugs make toxic metabolites. Can prevent hemorrhagic cystitis by co-administration w mesna, which binds to the toxic metabolites.
What is cinchonism?
Dizziness, headache, vision changes, and tinnitis
What drugs cause cinchonism?
Quinidine (Class 1A anti-arr)
Quinine (anti-malarial)
What drugs cause nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
Lithium
Demeclocycline
Treat w hydrochlorothiazide, and if lithium-induced, make sure to add amiloride.
What drugs cause Parkinson-like syndrome (reversible)?
High potency neuroleptics Haloperidol Chlorpromazine Reserpine Metoclopramide MPTP
MPTP is a toxic metabolite generated when making illegal homemade meperidine (demerol)
What drugs cause seizures?
Buproprion Imipenem/Cilastatin INH Evening primrose Enflurane
also benzo withdrawal, alcohol withdrawal
What drugs cause tardive dyskinesia?
High potency antipsychotics (the typical ones: haloperidol + the -azines)
What drugs cause disulfiram-like rxn?
Metronidazole some Cephalosporins 1st gen sulfonylureas Procarbazine Disulfiram
What drugs cause nephrotoxocity and neurotoxicity?
Polymyxins (abx for gram neg- disrupt cell mbrs)
What drugs cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
Aminoglycosides
Vancomycin
Loop diuretics
Cisplatin
