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* DIT each session > Day 12.1 Neuro > Flashcards

Day 12.1 Neuro Flashcards

1
Q

Most common causes of meningitis in newborns–> 6mo

A

Gp B Strep
E. coli
Listeria

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2
Q

Most common causes of meningitis in small kids 6mo–> 6yrs

A

S. pneumonia
N. meningitidis
HiB
Enteroviruses (Echo, Coxsackie- these cause aseptic meningitis, whereas the others cause bacterial)

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3
Q

Most common causes of meningitis in kids-adults 6yr–>60yr

A

Enteroviruses
S. pneumonia
N. meningitidis
HSV (this also causes temporal lobe encephalitis)

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4
Q

Most common causes of meningitis in 60+ yr elderly?

A

S. pneumonia
Gram-neg rods
Listeria

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5
Q

What genes are responsible for skeletal devt?

A

Hox genes

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6
Q

Clinical px of thyroglossal duct cyst?

A

Midline of neck

Moves when swallowing

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7
Q

Which phase of hepatic metabolism is lost first by geriatric pts?

A

Phase I

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8
Q

Which phase of hepatic metabolism is mediated by Cytochrome p450?

A

Phase I

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9
Q

What are the 4 obligate aerobe bacteria?

A 
Nagging pests must breathe:
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium TB
Bacillus spp
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10
Q

Vasculitis w necrotizing granulomas of lung and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

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11
Q

Vasculitis w necrotizing immune complex inflam of visceral/renal vessels

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

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12
Q

Vasculitis in a young Asian woman

A

Takaysu’s

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13
Q

Vasculitis in a young asthmatic

A

Churgg-Straus

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14
Q

Vasculitis in young children; coronary arteries can be involved

A

Kawasaki dz

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15
Q

Most common vasculitits

A

Temporal arteritis

Kids- Henoch-Scholein purpura

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16
Q

Vasculitis a/w HBV infection

A

Polyarteritis nodosa

17
Q

Rx to prevent the neurotoxicity of isoniazid

A

Pyridoxine (Vit B6)

18
Q

Rx for TCA cardiotoxicity

A

NaHCO3 to alkalinize the plasma/urine

19
Q

Rx for Theophylline cardiotoxicity

A

B-blocker

20
Q

Where is CN III wrt the arteries in the circle of willis?

A

Between the PCA and the SCA (superior cerebellar artery).

An aneurysm in PCA or SCA can cause CN III palsy d/t mass effect.

21
Q

Where does the PICA enter the circle of willis?

A

Vertebral arteries (PICA = posterior)

22
Q

Where does the AICA enter the circle of willis?

A

Basilar arteries (AICA = anterior)

23
Q

Medial medullary syndrome is the occlusion of which artery?

A

Anterior Spinal Artery (the one that comes up in the middle of the 2 vertebral arteries)

24
Q

What are the characteristics of medial medullary syndrome?

A

Pyramid/corticospinal tract dmg –> Contralateral spastic hemiparesis of lower extremities
Medial lemniscus dmg –> Contralateral tactile and kinesthetic defects (proprioception)
Hypoglossal nucleus/nerve dmg –> tongue deviates toward lesion (ipsilateral paralysis)

25
Q

What artery is occluded in lateral medullary syndrome (aka Wallenberg’s)?

A

PICA

Infarct of lateral part of rostral medulla

26
Q

What are the characteristics of lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg’s?

A

Spinothalamic tract dmg –> Loss of contralateral pain/temp
Trigeminothalamic tract dmg –> loss of pain/temp on ipsilateral face
Nucleus ambiguus- glossopharyngeal and vagus dmg –> hoarseness, difficulty swallowing, loss of gag reflex (ipsilateral)
Descending symp tract dmg –> Ispilateral Horner’s syndrome
Vestibular nuclei dmg –> vertigo, nystagmus, naus/vom
Inferior cerebellar peduncle dmg –> Ipsilateral cerebellar deficits (ataxia, past pointing)

27
Q

What artery is occluded in lateral inferior pontine syndrome?

A

AICA (which comes off of basilar artery)

28
Q

What are the characteristics of lateral inferior pontine syndrome?

A

Facial nucleus/nerve dmg –> ipsilateral facial paralysis
Solitary nucleus/nerve dmg –> ipsilateral loss of taste from ant 2/3 of tongue
Cochlear nucleus/nerve dmg –> Ipsilateral deafness and tinnitus
Vestibular nucleus/nerve dmg –> Nystagmus, vertigo, naus/vom
Middle and inferior cerebellar peduncle dmg (MCP, ICP) –> ipsilateral limb and gait ataxia
Spinal trigeminal nucleus/nerve dmg –> ipsilateral loss of pain/temp from face
spinothalamic tract dmg –> contralateral pain/temp from body
descending symp tract dmg –> ipsilateral Horner’s syndrome

note: contralateral motor to body and light touch/vib/kinesthetics are fine

* DIT each session (34 decks)

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