russian revolution key question 1 Flashcards
What were the long-term causes of the 1905 Revolution?
Autocratic rule under the Tsar, poor living and working conditions, economic hardships, and growing opposition from political groups.
What economic factors contributed to the 1905 Revolution?
Widespread poverty, food shortages, industrial strikes, and poor working conditions in factories fueled discontent.
What role did political opposition play in the 1905 Revolution?
Liberals, socialists, and revolutionary groups like the Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries pushed for change.
What short-term events triggered the 1905 Revolution?
The Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) and Bloody Sunday (January 1905) were major triggers.
How did the Russo-Japanese War contribute to the revolution?
Russia’s defeat in the war humiliated the Tsar, weakened the economy, and exposed government incompetence.
What was Bloody Sunday?
On January 22, 1905, peaceful protesters led by Father Gapon were fired upon by soldiers at the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg, killing hundreds.
What was the impact of Bloody Sunday?
It shattered trust in the Tsar, sparked nationwide protests, and led to widespread strikes and uprisings.
What were the key events of the 1905 Revolution?
Strikes, peasant revolts, mutinies (e.g., Potemkin Mutiny), the formation of Soviets, and the issuing of the October Manifesto.
What was the Potemkin Mutiny?
A mutiny aboard the battleship Potemkin where sailors rebelled against their officers, showing unrest within the military.
How did the Tsar respond to the 1905 Revolution?
He issued the October Manifesto, promising reforms, but later used repression to regain control.
What was the October Manifesto?
A document issued by Tsar Nicholas II in 1905 granting limited political freedoms and the creation of the Duma.
Why did the Tsar issue the October Manifesto?
To appease protesters and prevent a full-scale revolution while maintaining his control.
How did the October Manifesto impact Russian society?
It granted civil liberties and created the Duma, but the Tsar later restricted these freedoms.
What were the Fundamental Laws of 1906?
Laws that reaffirmed the Tsar’s absolute power, limiting the Duma’s influence.
What was the role of the Duma?
The Duma was a legislative body but had limited power as the Tsar dissolved it multiple times.
How many Dumas were there between 1906 and 1914?
Four, with the first two being dissolved quickly, while the third and fourth were more conservative.
Why did the first two Dumas fail?
They were too radical and demanded reforms the Tsar was unwilling to grant.
Who was Pyotr Stolypin?
The Russian Prime Minister (1906-1911) who introduced reforms and harsh repression.
What were Stolypin’s agricultural reforms?
He aimed to modernize agriculture by giving peasants more land and ending communal farming.
How successful were Stolypin’s reforms?
Agricultural production increased, but reforms were slow, and many peasants remained poor.
What was Stolypin’s repression?
A campaign of arrests and executions to crush opposition, earning the phrase ‘Stolypin’s necktie’ for the noose used in hangings.
What was the impact of Stolypin’s assassination in 1911?
Reform efforts slowed, and the government became more reactionary.
What role did workers’ strikes play between 1905 and 1914?
Strikes continued, showing dissatisfaction with conditions and the government’s failure to implement meaningful change.
How did Tsar Nicholas II maintain control after 1905?
He used repression, limited reforms, and relied on the loyalty of the army and secret police.
