Key question 2 Flashcards
What innovation did Richard Arkwright develop that contributed to the factory system?
Richard Arkwright developed the Water Frame in 1769, which allowed the large-scale production of yarn, enabling the establishment of textile factories.
How did Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin impact industrialisation?
Whitney’s Cotton Gin (1793) increased the speed of cotton processing, boosting raw material supply and enabling the rapid expansion of the textile industry.
What key energy source powered factories and transportation in the Industrial Revolution?
Coal was the primary energy source, powering steam engines in factories and transportation systems like railways and steamships.
What process did Henry Cort develop in 1784 that revolutionised iron production?
Henry Cort developed the “puddling and rolling” process, which produced higher-quality iron more efficiently and at a lower co
How did steam engines contribute to industrial growth after 1780?
Steam engines powered factories, allowing them to operate away from water sources and increasing production efficiency.
What was the impact of the transport revolution on industrialisation?
Improved canals, railways, and steamships made it easier and cheaper to transport raw materials and finished goods, fueling industrial expansion.
How did Britain’s population growth contribute to industrialisation?
Population growth increased domestic demand for goods, which drove industrial production and the need for more factories.
What role did overseas markets play in Britain’s industrial growth?
Overseas markets, especially in colonies, provided a vast customer base for British manufactured goods, generating profits that fueled further industrialisation.
How did the availability of raw materials like cotton, coal, and iron impact industrialisation?
These raw materials were essential for textile manufacturing, energy production, and the construction of machinery, making industrial growth possible.
How did Richard Arkwright contribute to the growth of factories?
Arkwright’s Water Frame allowed the mechanization of spinning, leading to the creation of large-scale factories that employed hundreds of workers.
Why was coal particularly important to the Industrial Revolution?
Coal provided the necessary fuel to power steam engines in factories and transportation, enabling mass production and distribution of good
What was the significance of Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule?
The Spinning Mule combined features of the Spinning Jenny and Water Frame, producing stronger and finer yarn, crucial for textile manufacturing.
How did canals support industrial growth in Britain?
Canals made it easier and cheaper to transport heavy raw materials like coal and iron to factories, improving efficiency and lowering costs.
What was the significance of railways in the Industrial Revolution?
Railways provided fast, reliable transportation for goods and people, allowing industries to expand beyond local markets.
How did British exports contribute to industrial growth?
Exports, especially to colonies, generated significant profits, which were reinvested into expanding industries and factories.
What was the Corn Laws’ impact on British agriculture and industrialisation?
The Corn Laws protected British agriculture by imposing tariffs on imported grain, keeping prices high, which indirectly supported population growth and domestic demand for industrial goods.
How did capital investment fuel industrialisation in Britain?
Profits from trade and manufacturing were reinvested in factories, infrastructure, and new technologies, enabling large-scale industrial enterprises.
What role did entrepreneurship play in the growth of industrialisation?
Entrepreneurs like Richard Arkwright and Henry Cort took risks to develop new technologies and processes, driving industrial innovation.
What advantages did Britain have in terms of transportation during the Industrial Revolution?
Britain’s advancements in canals, railways, and steamships made it easier to transport raw materials and goods, crucial for industrial expansion.
Why was the development of the steam engine critical to industrialisation?
Steam engines allowed factories to be more productive, powering machinery and enabling large-scale manufacturing.
How did the textile industry contribute to the growth of factories in Britain?
The mechanisation of spinning and weaving, driven by inventions like the Water Frame and Spinning Mule, led to the establishment of large textile factories.
How did the availability of cotton from the colonies affect the British textile industry?
The steady supply of cotton from colonies, made possible by the cotton gin, fueled the expansion of textile production in Britain.
What was the importance of Henry Cort’s innovation in iron production?
Cort’s puddling process allowed for cheaper, higher-quality iron, which was essential for building machinery, railways, and industrial infrastructure.
How did coal mining techniques improve during the Industrial Revolution?
Improved mining techniques made coal extraction more efficient, providing the energy needed for steam engines and industrial machinery.
How did the availability of raw materials affect Britain’s industrial growth?
The abundance of coal, iron, and cotton provided the essential resources for powering factories and producing goods on a large scale.
