Key question 2

Question 1

What innovation did Richard Arkwright develop that contributed to the factory system?

Answer 1

Richard Arkwright developed the Water Frame in 1769, which allowed the large-scale production of yarn, enabling the establishment of textile factories.

Question 2

How did Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin impact industrialisation?

Answer 2

Whitney’s Cotton Gin (1793) increased the speed of cotton processing, boosting raw material supply and enabling the rapid expansion of the textile industry.

Question 3

What key energy source powered factories and transportation in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 3

Coal was the primary energy source, powering steam engines in factories and transportation systems like railways and steamships.

Question 4

What process did Henry Cort develop in 1784 that revolutionised iron production?

Answer 4

Henry Cort developed the “puddling and rolling” process, which produced higher-quality iron more efficiently and at a lower co

Question 5

How did steam engines contribute to industrial growth after 1780?

Answer 5

Steam engines powered factories, allowing them to operate away from water sources and increasing production efficiency.

Question 6

What was the impact of the transport revolution on industrialisation?

Answer 6

Improved canals, railways, and steamships made it easier and cheaper to transport raw materials and finished goods, fueling industrial expansion.

Question 7

How did Britain’s population growth contribute to industrialisation?

Answer 7

Population growth increased domestic demand for goods, which drove industrial production and the need for more factories.

Question 8

What role did overseas markets play in Britain’s industrial growth?

Answer 8

Overseas markets, especially in colonies, provided a vast customer base for British manufactured goods, generating profits that fueled further industrialisation.

Question 9

How did the availability of raw materials like cotton, coal, and iron impact industrialisation?

Answer 9

These raw materials were essential for textile manufacturing, energy production, and the construction of machinery, making industrial growth possible.

Question 10

How did Richard Arkwright contribute to the growth of factories?

Answer 10

Arkwright’s Water Frame allowed the mechanization of spinning, leading to the creation of large-scale factories that employed hundreds of workers.

Question 11

Why was coal particularly important to the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 11

Coal provided the necessary fuel to power steam engines in factories and transportation, enabling mass production and distribution of good

Question 12

What was the significance of Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule?

Answer 12

The Spinning Mule combined features of the Spinning Jenny and Water Frame, producing stronger and finer yarn, crucial for textile manufacturing.

Question 13

How did canals support industrial growth in Britain?

Answer 13

Canals made it easier and cheaper to transport heavy raw materials like coal and iron to factories, improving efficiency and lowering costs.

Question 14

What was the significance of railways in the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 14

Railways provided fast, reliable transportation for goods and people, allowing industries to expand beyond local markets.

Question 15

How did British exports contribute to industrial growth?

Answer 15

Exports, especially to colonies, generated significant profits, which were reinvested into expanding industries and factories.

Question 16

What was the Corn Laws’ impact on British agriculture and industrialisation?

Answer 16

The Corn Laws protected British agriculture by imposing tariffs on imported grain, keeping prices high, which indirectly supported population growth and domestic demand for industrial goods.

Question 17

How did capital investment fuel industrialisation in Britain?

Answer 17

Profits from trade and manufacturing were reinvested in factories, infrastructure, and new technologies, enabling large-scale industrial enterprises.

Question 18

What role did entrepreneurship play in the growth of industrialisation?

Answer 18

Entrepreneurs like Richard Arkwright and Henry Cort took risks to develop new technologies and processes, driving industrial innovation.

Question 19

What advantages did Britain have in terms of transportation during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 19

Britain’s advancements in canals, railways, and steamships made it easier to transport raw materials and goods, crucial for industrial expansion.

Question 20

Why was the development of the steam engine critical to industrialisation?

Answer 20

Steam engines allowed factories to be more productive, powering machinery and enabling large-scale manufacturing.

Question 21

How did the textile industry contribute to the growth of factories in Britain?

Answer 21

The mechanisation of spinning and weaving, driven by inventions like the Water Frame and Spinning Mule, led to the establishment of large textile factories.

Question 22

How did the availability of cotton from the colonies affect the British textile industry?

Answer 22

The steady supply of cotton from colonies, made possible by the cotton gin, fueled the expansion of textile production in Britain.

Question 23

What was the importance of Henry Cort’s innovation in iron production?

Answer 23

Cort’s puddling process allowed for cheaper, higher-quality iron, which was essential for building machinery, railways, and industrial infrastructure.

Question 24

How did coal mining techniques improve during the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 24

Improved mining techniques made coal extraction more efficient, providing the energy needed for steam engines and industrial machinery.

Question 25

How did the availability of raw materials affect Britain’s industrial growth?

Answer 25

The abundance of coal, iron, and cotton provided the essential resources for powering factories and producing goods on a large scale.