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history > RUSSIA - the revolutions of 1917: 1 > Flashcards

RUSSIA - the revolutions of 1917: 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

three threats to the tsar

A
  • peasant
  • town workers
  • social democrats
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2
Q

how were peasants a threat to the tsar

A
  • more land - they were in poverty
  • 1905 they burnt land owners houses
  • WW1 - the army took over the peasants crops
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3
Q

how were town workers a threat to the tsar

A
  • AWFUL living conditions
  • their strikes were stopped and ppl arrested
  • WW1 the factorised closed and there was inflation
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4
Q

how were social democrats a threat to the tsar

A

Karl marx (wanted communism)
- BOLSHEVIKS - communist (town workers)
- MENSHEVIKS - needed to industrialise before communism

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5
Q

military effects of WW1

A
  • lost of deaths
  • lots of land lost
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6
Q

social effects of WW1

A
  • starvation
  • the peasants fighting couldn’t farm
  • 6 mill refugees
  • unemployment and business closures
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7
Q

economic effects of WW1

A
  • germans blocked factories - tax rose
  • inflation - prices rose twice as fast as wages
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8
Q

political effects of WW1

A
  • duma criticised the tsar
  • duma wanted tsar replaced
  • taser wouldn’t share power with the duma
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9
Q

tsar as commander in chief

A
  • took command in 1915 (no military experience)
  • left Petrograd to go to army headquarters
  • he was never around
  • lots HUGE respect
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10
Q

three triggers for the feb revolution

A
  • strikes and demonstrations
  • mutiny in the army
  • tsars absence
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11
Q

strikes and demonstrations triggering the feb revolution

A
  • putilov steelworks - ‘lock out’
  • international woman’s day (gov declared rationing)
  • warm weather - HUGE crowds
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12
Q

mutiny in army triggering the feb revolution

A
  • soldiers unhappy with officers bc they ordered for them to fire at demonstrations
  • ppl refused to shoot - OUT OF CONTROL
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13
Q

the tsars absence triggering the feb revolution

A
  • left Petrograd
  • ordered and unrest = BAD IDEA
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14
Q

reason for the abdication of the tsar

A
  • russia had no real government
  • the duma set up the prov gov
  • he wouldn’t share power with the duma
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15
Q

how did the tsar get abdicated

A

he met up with the duma and they suggested that he voluntarily gives up the throne to save Russia

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16
Q

the provisional government changes

A
  • release political and religious prisoners
  • democratic freedom
  • no death penalty
  • took over tsars land
  • transferred power to the local council
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17
Q

Petrograd soviet was only in support of the prov gov if…

A
  • there was rights to strike
  • no class or religion privileges
  • the local government was elected
18
Q

Kerensky and mistakes

A

member of prov gov and Petrograd sov
leader of prov gov 1917 –> MISTAKES:
- continued to support the war
- acted against old ruling classes
- failed to control the Bolsheviks

19
Q

weakness and failures of the prov gov

A
  • dual power (no control of railways etc)
  • no decisive leadership
  • didn’t provide land for peasants
  • no improvements to the economy
20
Q

the June offensive

A
  • Kerensky was war minister
  • attacked Austrian and German forces
  • 200K Russian casualties and loss of Russian land
  • VERY BAD
21
Q

what was the kornilov revolt

A
  • in 1917 Kerensky made kornilov the head of the army - improve discipline
  • kornilov though Russia needed military rule
  • kornilov sent troops to end the Petrograd soviet
  • Kerensky (RED GUARDS) to defend against Kornilov
  • kornilov was convinced not to attack –> OVER
22
Q

significance of the kornilov revolt

A

YES = bolsheviks
NO = prov gov
- ppl saw red guards as saviour not Kerensky
- bolsheviks won most seats in Petrograd soviet

23
Q

what was the April theses

A

lenin sent our commands of how the working class should take control of Russia in a second revolution.

24
Q

three commands of the April theses

A
  1. end the war (capitalist and imperialist conflict threatened the revolution)
  2. transfer all power to soviets (prov gov should not be supported)
  3. take land from rich landlords and give it to peasants
25
Q

the July days

A
  • riots and demonstrations against the prov gov
  • because of food shortages and failure of June offensive
  • bolsheviks joined - Lenin thought it was right time to overthrow prov gov
  • soviet agreed to help prov gov and moves troops to Petrograd to stop the uprising
  • bolsheviks arrested and blamed for the start of the uprising and Lenin escaped.
26
Q

Lenin’s powerful messages

A
  • “ALL POWER TO THE SOVIETS” (workers run factories)
  • “PEACE, LAND AND BREAD” (stop war, stop food shortages and land to peasants
27
Q

who made up the provisional government

A
  • politicians from a mix of parties
  • either liberals or SR (socialist revolutionaries )
28
Q

who were radicals

A

wanted to overthrow the tsar and ruling classes

29
Q

who were the SRs

A
  • socialist revolutionaries
  • wanted a new society based on peasant commune
30
Q

who were the liberals

A

wanted more political freedoms to prevent the revolution

31
Q

who were the conservatives

A

wanted to defend the interests of the rich ppl

32
Q

who were ultranationalists

A

wanted to protect the Russian empire

33
Q
  1. october revolution - lenins decision to seize power
A
  • kornilov revolt increased bolshevik support and humiliated prov gov
  • lenin secretely returned to pretograd and convinced colleagues to support his new attempt to seize power
  • 340k supporters by october
34
Q

who was lenin

A

bolsheviks leader

35
Q
  1. October revolution - military revolutionary committee - supporting the bolsheviks
A
  • rumours abt bolsheviks taking over
  • kerensky tried to get rid of bolsheviks influenced arms out petrograd
  • trotsky leader of pet sov - convinced soviet to set up MRC to bring all soviet supporting soliders to petrograd
  • by october most petrograd regiments promised loyalty to the MRC
  • controlled road and cannals // army headquarters // telegraph offices
36
Q
  1. october revolution - kerensky trying to stop bolsheviks
A
  • closed bolsheviks newspapers
  • blocked rivers
  • called for the MRC to be arrested
37
Q
  1. october revolution - bolsheviks win
A
  • at night 25 october - red guards took more key areas of city
  • climed through windows of Winter Palace and arrested remaining members of prov gov
  • lenin formed a bolsheviks government called Council of People’s Commissars
38
Q

who were red guards

A

bolsheviks

39
Q

who were the whites

A

anti - bolsheviks ppl

40
Q

who supported the petrograd soviet

A

bolsheviks

history (24 decks)

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