CW - origins of the cold war

Question 1

the Tehran conference

Answer 1

• USA + Britain would invade France
• USSR would join the USA and Britain in the war against Japan, once
  Nazi Germany was defeated

Question 2

the Yalta conference

Answer 2

• when germany defeated - divided and demilitarised and pay

Question 3

the potsdam conference

Answer 3

• council of forein ministers set up to rebuild europe
• nazi party was banned and war criminals prosecuted
• germany split into 4 zones - britain usa su and france
• berlin divided into zones

Question 4

how did the grand alliance end

Answer 4

• USA dropped atomic bomb on japan - huge military advantage
• roosevelt was going to work w stalin but then he died and replaced by truman who didnt trust him at all.
• ## this increased tensions bc stalin didnt like how he dropped the bomb to try get him out the potsdsam

Question 5

compare the criticisms between capitalist with communist ideologys

Answer 5

capitalist
- everyone free to make their own money
- choise what to sell or make
- trade with countries makes everyone richer

communism
- captitalism exploits ppl
- stringer everyone working together
- the state shld control the economy

Question 6

the long telegram 1946 who sent it and what did it say

Answer 6

• secret report from US ambassador in Moscow –> to truman
• SU wanted to destroy capitalism bc a threat to communism
• SU building its military power
• peace between SU and USA not possible

Question 7

Novikov’s telegram 1946 who sent it and what did it say

Answer 7

• secret SU ambassador in USA –> stalin
• USA was building military strength and wanted domination
• SU was only ppl that cld still stand up to USA after the war
• USA preping for war against SU

Question 8

satellite states

Answer 8

• countries under communist control of the SU
• bulgaria
• Romania
• poland
• hungary
• czechoslovakia
• east germany

Question 9

how did USA react to SU taking over satellite states

Answer 9

• betrayal to Yalta conference
• made the us do the truman doctrain and Marshall plan
• SU said they did it to protect from western attack as it was a buffer zone

Question 10

the truman doctrine 1947

Answer 10

speech that said
- countries could choose communism or capitalism
- communism bad bc people weren’t free
- USA needs to contain communism
- USA needs to provide troops to help other countries go free from communist take over

Question 11

the marshall plan 1947

Answer 11

• 13$ bill from usa to help rebuild europe
• communism was only good for poor ppl so this donation reduced that - making communism look unattractive
• countries shld trade with usa to get money
• 16 west countries took the money but SU said it was an attack to them bc it threatened communism control in eastern europe

Question 12

1. cominform

Answer 12

• set up by stalin
• told all communist parties in europe to do what moscow told them to do
  1. significance: got rid of opposition to SU control of staellites
  2. encourages communist parties to block marshall plan

Question 13

2. comecon

Answer 13

• set up by stalin as an alternative to the marshall plan
  1. built up trade links btwn communist countries
  2. prevented these countries signing up to marshall plan

Question 14

NATO - what and significance

Answer 14

WHAT
- military alliance - USA/UK/canada/france/denmark/holland etc
- if one countries was attacked - others needed to go an assist

SIGNIFICANCE
- resulted in the warsaw pact - NATO and war saw pact now faced each other across the iron curtain

Question 15

bizonia

Answer 15

• british/usa/france areas of germany were connected - western germand (bizonia)
• Stalin not happy bc he was not consulted and east was much poorer

Question 16

berlin blockade

Answer 16

• june 1948 - Su closed all road/railways/cancal to west berlin (which was split into zones) so that meant all of the west troops from USA etc had to leave
• su stopped all food supplies to show it had the power to stop a divided germany from working bc eastern germany grew all of the food

Question 17

the berlin airlift

Answer 17

• west repsonding to the berlin blockade and just flew in thousands of tonnnes of supplies dailisy between july and seotember 1948

Question 18

the nuclear arms race - timeline

Answer 18

• 1945 - USA drop 2 atomic bombs on japan
• 1949 - SU test first atomic bomb
• 1952 - USA makes hydrogen bomb
• 1953 - SU develops hydrogen bomb

Question 19

the Warsaw pact

Answer 19

• defence treaty including: SU/poland/hungary/czech/romania etc
• set up after west germanys entry to nato
• created two opposing alliances separated by the iron curtain (NATO and WARSAW PACT)
• this pact gave SU control over its satellite states military powers

Question 20

de-satlin-isation - hungary problems

Answer 20

• satlin died —> Khrushchev took over and hinted that SU control may relax
• soon after this - food shortages and Hungarians were dying and rebelled against communism and took down statues of stalin
• to calm this down Krushchev put NAGY as their prime minister and NAGY wanted this:
  1. leave warsaw pact - become neutral
  2. free elections
  3. UN protection from SU

Question 21

consequences of the SU invasion of hungary

Answer 21

• they invaded bc their pulling out of warsaw pact may influence others and threaten communism
• 5000 hungarians killed
• nagy and government deposed and navy arrested and executed
• new leader - kadar - introduced Fifteen Point Programme which aimed to re-establish communist rule

Question 22

manhattan project

Answer 22

• top secret development of a bomb
• only the usa could develop it bc it was so powerful it would blow up earth
• very beginning of the cold war

Question 23

Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs

Answer 23

• august 1945 usa dropped atomic bomb on hir and then few days later another on nag
• killed 200,000 ppl in total and destroyed loads of land
• this lead to the soviet union starting to develope atomic bombs
• threatened the su and usa was showing their power