CW - cold war crises

Question 1

Khrushchev’s berlin ultimatum - 1958

Answer 1

• all of Berlin belonged to the east and everyone else must leave in 6 months
• but he knew that if he did this by force there would be a war and the usa would win bc of all their nuclear weapons
• therfore 4 summit meetings took place

Question 2

4 summit meetings

Answer 2

1. GENEVA - may 1959 - representatives - no solution
2. CAMP DAVID - sept 1959 - Eisenhower and Khrushchev - no solution
3. PARIS - may 1960 - Eisenhower and Khrushchev - AWFUL - krushchev stormed out bc SU shot down USA plane
4. VIENNA - june 1961 - kennedy and krushchev - krushchev thought kennedy weak and gave ultimatum for troops to leave berlin.

Question 3

why did the usa want to get rid of Casto - cuban leader

Answer 3

• they had very close links
• but then became more socialist and got close links with the US - suagr trading
• then cuba wanted to set up an revolution against the usa so they attempted to assasinate Casto - cuban leader

Question 4

the bay of pigs incident

Answer 4

• Kennedy thought: casto very weak/ most cubans hate Castro/ cuban exiles in usa should beat them
• what actually happened: planes regonised and cuba was reader for invasion/cuban exiles surrendered

Question 5

why did alex Dubcek want to do something abt Czechoslovakia

Answer 5

• with SU - Cechz had very low living standards and communism v unpopluar
• then 1968 - Dubcek became leader who was communist but wanted to make it better
• SOCIALISM WITH A HUMAN FACE
• this resulted in the Prague Spring - period of increaed political freedom

Question 6

the Prague spring - Dubce’s changes and cechz response

Answer 6

• relaxed censorship, more democracy alongside communist party, powers of secret police reduced
• everyone loved this (except for secret police and etc)

Question 7

about the berlin wall

Answer 7

• barbed wires fence around the border between east and west belin to stop any access between the two
• heavily guarded
• soviet tanks
• anyone trying to cross was shot

Question 8

why was the berlin wall created

Answer 8

• the four summit meetings failed to resolve the problems in berlin and Kennedy wanted a nuclear war
• Khrushchev knew they would loose a nuclear war and therefore created the berlin wall to prevent the east moving to the west where there were better standards of living etc
• krushchev avoided war with usa but still looked strong and not weak

Question 9

the events of the cuban missle crisis

Answer 9

• krushchev knew that the usa had missles near the su but the su didnt have any near to the usa
• cuba thought missiles would be a great way to stop usa invading again
• usa spys photographed this and secret was out - usa panicing
• now the usa had to decide to ignore it or attack back

Question 10

brezhnev’s response to the dubeck’s reforms (socialism with a human face)

Answer 10

• Brezhnev made everything strict again due to the Soviet invaded cechz - ‘normalisation’

Question 11

what were the impacts of the berlin wall

Answer 11

• Western troops remained in Berlin
• solved refugee problems bc no more Easterns could come to west
• kennedy said the wall was better than war although it wasnt very nice
• propaganda sucess for west bc it suggested that easterns wanted to live in capitalist west and r unloyal
• west became a symbol of freedom
• kennedy was now prepeare to defend west berlin in NATO against communist attack

Question 12

short term consequences of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 12

• communist cuba survived and kennedy said they wouldnt invade again
• su looked weak and krushchev got replaced by brezhnev

Question 13

long term consequences to the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 13

• usa initiated detente - better realtions - relaxing between usa and su
• hotline agreement - direct communication l;ink between Washington and moscow
• both sides agreed to ban all land nuclear weapon testing
• kennedy gave speech abt how they are going to work on each others common interests

Question 14

timeline of the Cuban missile crisis

Answer 14

1. usa spy planes found missiles in cuba
2. kennedy doesnt attack but does a blockade of cuba
3. most soviet ships turn around but one gets let through
4. both sides prep for a nuclear war immediately
5. krushchev offers to remove missiles from cuba is usa remove from italy and turkey
6. usa spy plan gets shot down by SU - ennedy angry and says he will agree to the deal if he gets to remove them secretly - doesnt look weak
7. krushchev agrees to this - detente