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GCSE History paper 1 > Russia- Stalin's rise to power and his Russia > Flashcards

Russia- Stalin's rise to power and his Russia Flashcards

1
Q

When was Trotsky sacked as War Commisar?

A

1925

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2
Q

When were Kaminev, Zinoviev and Trotsky expelled from the communist party?

A

1927

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3
Q

When was Bukharin expelled from the communist party?

A

1929

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4
Q

When was the first 5 year plan?

A

1928-1933

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5
Q

When was collectivization?

A

1930

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6
Q

When was Kirov murdered?

A

1934

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7
Q

Who spoke out for peasant under war communism?

A

Kirov.

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8
Q

When was the first show trial?

A

1936

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9
Q

When was the “Purge of the Army?”

A

1937

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10
Q

When was the second show trial?

A

1937

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11
Q

When was the third show trial?

A

1938

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12
Q

When was the purges?

A

1934- 1938

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13
Q

What did Stalin use as an excuse to start the show trials?

A

Kirov’s murder (probably ordered by Stalin himself).

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14
Q

Who was on trial in the third show trial?

A

Bukharin, Rykov and Yagoda.

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15
Q

What happened to all the people on the show trials.

A

They “confessed” to being part Trotskyist- Rightist conspiracies.

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16
Q

Who was in the first show trial?

A

Kamenev and Zinoviev.

17
Q

Who was in the second show trial?

A

Senior party members that were possibly against Stalin.

18
Q

What percentage (and number) of generals had been purged in Stalin’s purges?

A

90% of senior officers
1/5 officers → (25,000)

19
Q

How many Russians had been transported to labour camps by 1939?

A

~20 million

20
Q

What were the 4 things that Stalin did to claim power?

A
  1. Sidelining Trotsky
  2. Forming political alliances
  3. Changing history
  4. Drawing similarities to Lenin
21
Q

What did the first 5 year plan focus on?

A

Improving coal, oil and steel industry.

22
Q

When was the second 5 year plan?

A

1933-1938

23
Q

When was the third 5 year plan?

A

1938-1941 (because Russia entered WWII)

24
Q

What was the aim of the second five year plan?

A

Heavy industry was still a priority but it developed other areas like infrastructure.

25
Q

What was the aim of the third five year plan?

A

To improve agriculture by making more machinery.

26
Q

When was Russia invaded in WWII (operation Barbarossa)?

A

22 June 1941

27
Q

How many Russian civilians died in WWII?

A

20 million

28
Q

What was the name of Stalin’s wartime policy that involved moving all the factories and making the land unlivable?

A

Scorched Earth Policy.

29
Q

How many Russian casualties were there at Stalingrad?

A

1 million.

30
Q

How many Russians died at Leningrad?

A

1 million.

31
Q

When was the “Year of 10 victories”?

A

1944

32
Q

Who was Stalin’s best general? (His battalion reached Berlin.)

A

Zhukov

33
Q

How many people in the communist party were arrested during the purges?

A

500,000

34
Q

When was Trotsky murdered?

A

1940 in Mexico

35
Q

How many people had been transported to labour camps and then how many had died in Stalin’s purges?

A

18 million to labour camps
10 million dead

36
Q

What are some facts about gulags?

A
  • Worked to build infrastructure, for example the Belomor Canal
  • 3 million people in gulags by 1939
37
Q

How did Stalin use propaganda to influence people’s lives?

A
  • Processions in celebration of his regime
  • Towns having streets named after or squares with statues of him
  • Cutting down religious worship. By 1939 → 1 in 40 churches were holding regular services
  • Composers → DIMITRI SCHOSTACOVICH
  • Education → Stalin and Lenin were the only people in the revolution
38
Q

How were peasants affected by Stalin’s rule?

A
  • Collectivisation (1930)- average peasants questioned Stalin’s leadership and disliked growing flax instead of food to feed themselves with
  • Kulaks refused to hand over their land for collectivisation → sent to labour camps
  • Stalin continued exporting food while the peasants were starving → famine 1932-33 in Ukraine (agriculturally rich area)
  • Scorched Earth Policy (1941) → fields burnt, whole villages destroyed
39
Q

How were industrial workers affected by Stalin’s rule?

A
  • Strict targets to meet and were fined if they weren’t met
  • Propaganda to work hard- Alexei Stakhanov cut (stacking to remember his name like STAcK-hanov) 102 tonnes of coal in one shift
  • Internal passports prevented free movement around the USSR
  • Many could be accused guilty of trying to ‘sabotage’ the regime
  • Many died in construction (100,00 in Belomor Canal)

GCSE History paper 1 (12 decks)

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