RUSSIA Industry Flashcards
What was ‘State capitalism’?
Transitional stage between old bourgeois economy and new proletarian one
What were the key measures of Lenin’s initial economic policy?
Land Decree October 1917; Decree on Workers’ Control November 1917; People’s Bank of the Russian Republic
Land Decree October 1917
Abolished private ownership of land which was now to be in the hands of ‘the people’
Decree on Workers’ Control November 1917
Placed control of factories into hands of industrial workers
People’s Bank of the Russian Republic
All private banks were nationalised and, along with the State bank, amalgamated into the People’s Bank of the Russian Republic
Why was the Vesenkha set up?
Workers’ councils voted for pay rises; managers with technical and industrial expertise were removed as revenge
Vesenkha
Supreme Council of the National Economy
When was the nationalisation of all industries with 10 or more workers?
June 1918
What were the key features of War Communism?
Nationalisation; Supreme Council of National Economy; reintroduction of hierarchical structures in industry; military-style discipline; private trading banned; bartering; forcible requisitioning of food; rationing
Which industries were exempt from nationalisation under War Communism?
Less than 10 workers
What did management replace under War Communism to instil discipline into the workers?
Workers’ Councils
What were the unemployed forced to join under War Communism?
‘Labour Armies’
Under War Communism, what was the death penalty introduced for?
All workers who went on strike
What type of work was done in the Labour Armies?
Road building; woodland clearance
Under War Communism, what developed because the state could not satisfy demand?
A large black market in goods
How did many workers receive wages under War Communism?
In goods rather than money
How many Bolshevik volunteers were used to seize grain under War Communism?
150,000
Why was rationing introduced under War Communism?
To ensure that despite food shortages, workers in the cities were fed
What did War Communism do to the economy?
Ensured that Red Army got resources it needed to fight and win civil war but left economy in state of collapse
What had happened to industry by the end of the war?
Ground to a virtual standstill- production of heavy industry had fallen to 20% of its 1913 level
What happened with food production by the end of the war?
Fallen to 48% of the 1913 figure
Which key features of war communism were especially disliked by the Russian population?
Rationing; use of managers and return to hierarchical systems within factories
Why was the system of rationing disliked?
Size of rations dependent on social classification a person was given
Which aspects of War Communism were most resented in the countryside?
Forcible requisitioning of food; plans to get rid of the Mir