MAO Cultural Revolution Flashcards
When did the Great Cultural Proletarian Revolution begin?
May 1966
Gang of Four
Jiang Qing; Yao Wenyuan; Zhang Chunquiao; Wang Hongwen
When had the divide between the ideologues and the pragmatists become more apparent?
After the 7,000 cadre conference
When did Mao temporarily withdraw from public life?
After the 7,000 cadre conference, leaving Liu, Deng and Zhou in charge
Who agreed with Deng that ideological compromises were essential to get China’s economy back on its feet and disagreed principally with Mao?
Liu; Chen Yun; Bo Yibo
What were pragmatists also critical of?
Mass mobilisation as a means of advancing the economy
What did pragmatists argue about foreign policy?
China should pursue a more conciliatory foreign policy, since it couldn’t afford confrontation with the USA over Taiwan, or with the USSR over its borders, while its economy was struggling
When did Mao believe that China was recovering economically?
By 1962
Why was mass mobilisation essential to the ideologues?
Kept people actively involved in protecting the gains of the revolution
Socialist Education Movement
Launched in 1963; preached the virtues of a collective economic approach and aimed also to root out corruption among the rural cadres
Who actually carried out the Socialist Education Movement?
Liu
What was closely linked with Mao’s obsession with permanent revolution?
His desire to undermine the bureaucracy
Who had tried to calm down student unrest when it stirred in 1966?
Liu; Zhou
What did the Cultural Revolution begin as?
Purge of pragmatists from the Party leadership
Who were Mao’s main supporters during the Cultural Revolution?
Lin Biao; Jiang Qing; Kang Sheng; Chen Boda
What was Lin Biao responsible for?
Developing Mao’s personality cult in the 1960s, particularly through promoting the use of The Little Red Book
Jiang Qing
Technically Mao’s fourth wife- she had close links with radical intellectuals in Shanghai and led the Gang of Four
Kang Sheng
Mao’s chief of the secret police; worked closely with Jiang Qing
Chen Boda
Headed the Central Cultural Revolution Group (CCRG), which directed the Cultural Revolution from inside the Politburo; collaborated with Lin Biao in putting together The Little Red Book- he had control of propaganda
Where did Zhou Enlai stand during the Cultural Revolution?
Tried in vain to prevent the divisions between the protagonists from widening
Who had widely been seen as Mao’s chosen successor until the 7000-cadre conference of 1962?
Liu
Why couldn’t Mao risk confronting Liu and Deng head on?
They had too much support in the Politburo and the wider Party
When was the attack on Wu Han launched?
1965- and then only indirectly, in Yao Wenyuan’s newspaper article attacking Peng Zhen
Who deliberately escalated the Wu Han Affair into a crisis in early 1966?
Shanghai radicals, backed by Lin Biao