Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

hala > MAO Politics part 1 > Flashcards

MAO Politics part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the PRC officially established?

A

1 October 1949

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many supporters were at Tiananmen Square for the announcement of the PRC?

A

300,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When was the Qing dynasty overthrown?

A

1911

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who defeated the warlords and brought China under greater central control?

A

Chiang Kai-Shek and the Nationalist Party

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the Chinese Nationalist Party called?

A

Guomindang (GMD)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why did the collaboration between the GMD and the newly formed Communist Party not last for very long?

A

Aims were so different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When was the Nanking decade?

A

1927-37

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was the Nanking decade?

A

Chiang established relative political stability and tried to destroy the Communists, driving them into the interior of China

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where did the CCP regroup during the Nanking decade?

A

Set up the Jiangxi Soviet in 1928

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How did Chiang try to finish off the Communists in the Jiangxi Soviet?

A

Launched a series of encirclement campaigns aimed at denying resources to Jiangxi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When was the Long March?

A

1934

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many Communists embarked on the Long March?

A

100,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many of the Long Marchers survived?

A

20,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where did the Long Marchers travel to?

A

Yanan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where did Mao assert his leadership over the Communist Party?

A

Yanan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What prepared the Communists to some extent to govern the country after 1949?

A

Vital experience of government in Yanan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Why did the Communists begin the Long March?

A

Desperate bid to escape the Jiangxi Soviet before Chiang’s sieges were successful

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When did the Japanese invade China?

A

1931

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where did the Japanese invade and occupy in China?

A

Rich north-eastern province of Manchuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When did the Sino-Japanese War begin?

A

1937

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why did the Sino-Japanese War begin?

A

Japanese were ready to extend their control further

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why did the CCP and GMD make a new United Front?

A

Sino-Japanese War- faced with a common enemy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where else in China did the Japanese gain control of during the Sino-Japanese War?

A

Steadily pushed south and occupied the eastern coastal zone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

When did the Japanese fail to destroy the US Navy in the attack on Pearl Harbour?

A

December 1941

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why was Pearl Harbour a turning point in the Sino-Japanese War?

A

Americans began helping the Chinese to fight back against the Japanese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who did the Americans take more seriously as a potential leader of China during WW2?

A

Chiang

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

When did the Japanese surrender in WW2?

A

1945

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

When did the Chinese civil war break out?

A

1946

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Why did the Communists win the Chinese civil war?

A

Although Chiang had overwhelming superiority in resources; he squandered his initial advantage by rushing into a full-scale attack on the Communist strongholds in Manchuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

When did Chiang leave the mainland and fly to join the remnants of his forces in Taiwan?

A

December 1949

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Why was the situation in 1949 favourable to the Communists?

A

Ending the conflict generated goodwill towards the Communists; proved they were capable of more effective organisation than the Nationalists; many non-Communists imagined that life under Mao would at least be tolerable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

How had the civil war greatly strengthened Mao’s position at the top of the Party?

A

His reputation as a military commander had been elevated; his strength of will had allowed him to overcome the doubts of other military commanders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How had the Communists originally focused on cultivating peasant support?

A

PLA treated the peasants more fairly than the GMD forces; organised land redistribution from landowners to poor peasants in the areas under their control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What was the only city that the Reds controlled at the beginning of the civil war?

A

Harbin in northern Manchuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

When was China recovering well from the Great Depression?

A

By 1936

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

From when did the focus on war set the economy back?

A

1936

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Why did China’s industrial output drop during the Sino-Japanese War?

A

Japanese seized the most productive areas as they advanced southwards; Japanese bombing raids caused damage to Chinese industries; scorched-earth tactics of the retreating Nationalist forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Why did the Japanese surrender in WW2?

A

America dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What was China’s industrial output in 1945?

A

Only 25% of its pre-war level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What was the food situation like in China in 1949?

A

Critical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What had made the food situation so dire in China in 1949?

A

Disruption to agriculture caused by conscription; displacement of thousands of people fleeing inland to escape the Japanese in the east

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

What was Chinese food production like by the end of WW2?

A

30% lower than it had been at the start

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Which Chinese province had suffered a famine during WW2?

A

Henan

44
Q

How many people were killed in the Henan province WW2 famine?

A

Between 2-3 million

45
Q

Why was food still requisitioned after 1949?

A

Size of PLA; continued growth of the urban population

46
Q

In 1949, how much of the urban population depended on surpluses from the countryside?

A

20%

47
Q

How had the GMD paid for the war years?

A

By borrowing and printing money

48
Q

When had hyperinflation become a problem in China?

A

1945

49
Q

How did Chiang exacerbate financial matters for the PRC?

A

Took China’s foreign currency reserves with him when he fled to Taiwan

50
Q

What had given the Russians the opportunity to advance into Manchuria and seize many of its industrial assets?

A

Russians had declared war on Japan shortly before the Japanese surrendered

51
Q

What type of country was China when the Communists came to power in 1949?

A

Still predominately agricultural

52
Q

Which crops did China mainly produce in 1949?

A

Rice; wheat; oilseed

53
Q

Why had the Chinese farmers been hit by the drop in food prices during the Great Depression?

A

Government normally exported food to earn foreign currency and world trade slumped for several years after 1931

54
Q

How much of Chinese land was cultivable?

A

Only 15%

55
Q

How many lives had the war years cost China?

A

20 million

56
Q

How did the Chinese population grow between 1949 and 1953?

A

541 million to 587 million

57
Q

When had Western Europe experienced an industrial revolution?

A

19th century

58
Q

Where were the most advanced industrial areas in China in 1949?

A

Manchuria; Yangtze delta; along the eastern seaboard

59
Q

Which industries had the Japanese further developed in Manchuria?

A

Iron and steel

60
Q

When did Manchuria fall into Soviet hands?

A

1945

61
Q

What had the loss of Manchuria prompted Chiang to set up?

A

National Resources Committee (NRC)

62
Q

When did Chiang set up the NRC?

A

1932

63
Q

Why did Chiang set up the NRC?

A

To channel investment into industries elsewhere

64
Q

How much of industry was state-owned by 1945?

A

70%

65
Q

How many technical experts did the NRC employ by 1945?

A

30,000

66
Q

How many people did the NRC employ in 1945?

A

250,000

67
Q

What was industrial investment in China hindered by in 1949?

A

Long-term underinvestment; an underskilled workforce

68
Q

In 1949, which areas had transport and communication systems in place?

A

Manchuria; the population centres of the east coast and lower Yangtze

69
Q

When did Beijing fall?

A

January 1949

70
Q

When were the Communists able to adopt permanent political institutions?

A

1954

71
Q

What was the government-controlled press agency called?

A

Xinhua

72
Q

When did the Communists arrange a meeting of the CPPCC?

A

September 1949

73
Q

What does CPPCC stand for?

A

Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference

74
Q

What was the CPPCC?

A

A conference to which the Communists invited delegates of 14 other parties in a continuation of the old United Front approach- acted as the provisional Parliament until 1954

75
Q

How many people attended the September CPPCC?

A

600 delegates

76
Q

What’s an example of a minority group which attended the CPPCC?

A

China Democratic League

77
Q

What did the CPPCC do?

A

Appointed the new Central People’s Government as the supreme state body; approved the Common Progam; decided the various state symbols that would be used

78
Q

Central People’s Government

A

Composed of the ministers and departmental heads; acted as the government of the new China

79
Q

What was the Central People’s Government known as from 1954?

A

State Council

80
Q

Common Program

A

Temporary constitution- guaranteed gender equality; gave the army and the police the right to suppress all counter-revolutionary activity

81
Q

How many regions was China divided into in 1949?

A

6

82
Q

Why was China divided into regions in 1949?

A

Decisions taken at a local level could be imposed throughout the country

83
Q

What did the creation of regional congresses in 1949 give the impression of?

A

That Beijing was listening to them

84
Q

How many senior Communist officials were put in place over each region in 1949?

A

4

85
Q

What were the senior Communist officials put in place over each region in 1949?

A

Military commander; army political commissar; government chairman; Party secretary

86
Q

Who held all 4 regional posts in the north-eastern bureau of Manchuria?

A

Gao Gang

87
Q

How many members were in the Chinese Politburo when it met for a plenary session?

A

14

88
Q

How many members of the Politburo met regularly to make decisions between the plenary meetings?

A

5

89
Q

Who were the key Politburo members in 1949?

A

Mao Zedong; Liu Shaoqi; Zhou Enlai; Chen Yun; Zhu De

90
Q

What were the political commissars responsible for at a local level?

A

Monitoring people’s loyalty to the Party

91
Q

What was the 1954 constitution based on?

A

1936 Soviet Russian Constitution

92
Q

What became the new legislature in 1954?

A

National People’s Congress

93
Q

How did the administrative composition of China change in 1954?

A

6 regions were now divided into 21 provinces, 5 autonomous border regions and 2 urban centres

94
Q

What were the two urban centres post-1954?

A

Beijing; Shanghai

95
Q

When was the 1954 constitution modified?

A

1975

96
Q

How did the number of state officials employed to staff the PRC change between 1949-59?

A

Grew from 720,000 to nearly 8 million

97
Q

What did Mao believe had gone wrong with Soviet Russia?

A

Bureaucratisation of the revolution

98
Q

Which position did Zhou hold from the establishment of the PRC until his death?

A

Premier of the State Council

99
Q

When did Mao stand down as head of state?

A

1958

100
Q

Which position did Mao retain when he stepped down as head of state?

A

Chairman of the Party

101
Q

How many CCP members were there in October 1949?

A

4.5 million

102
Q

How many CCP members were there by the end of 1950?

A

5.8 million

103
Q

What are some of the Party groups in which Mao encouraged mass participation?

A

Youth League; Women’s Federation

104
Q

Danwei

A

Work unit

105
Q

What did the Danwei issue permits to do?

A

Travel; marry; change jobs

106
Q

Who led the danwei?

A

Party cadre

hala (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions