Russia: collectivisation and industrialisation Flashcards
What was collectivisation?
The enforced grouping of individual farmers’ land and livestock into larger,collective farms.
What was a kolkhoz?
A collective farm.
What percentage of the kolkhoz’s produce would be sold to the government?
90
What were the MTS?
The Motor Tractor Stations, whose tractor drivers toured the kolkhoz to do the ploughing.
What is the significance of the numbers 30 million and 16 million?
They were the number of cows and horses respectively that peasants killed rather than give them to the kolkhoz.
By how much did grain production fall between 1928 (the beginning of collectivisation) and 1934?
10%
How many people died in the 1932 famine?
13 million
What happened to state grain procurement (i.e. the amount of grain taken by the state from the peasants) 1929-32?
It doubled.
What was Gosplan?
The Russian state planning organisation which drew up the 5 Year Plans.
It might sound obvious that a five year plan should take five years. But how many did Stalin insist it should take?
4
On what did the first, second and third Five Year Plans focus, or plan to focus?
Major industry; mining; as before, but with added consumer goods.
What was the name of the huge city built as part of the regeneration drive?
Magnitogorsk.
Who was Stakhanov?
A legendary miner who other workers were encouraged to emulate.
Give the coal and steel stats which suggest the 5YPs succeeded.
Coal production rose from 35m tonnes in 1927 to 150m in 1940.
Steel production rose from 3m tonnes in 1927 to 19m in 1940.
What were gulags and what was built as a result of their existence?
Prisons where the punishment was forced labour. Prisoners built the Moscow Metro and Belomor Canal.
