Rural Health Flashcards
Why are differences in rural and urban areas less significant now?
- transportation
- technology
*The rural-urban continum
Remote farm -> Village -> small town -> larger town/city -> large metropolitain area with a care inner city
*Define Metropolitan are
Has a core urban area of 50,000 or more
*Define Micropolitan area
Has an urban core between 10,000-50,000
Define non-core area
No urban core, but has 14,000 residents on average
Define subrbs
“doughnut effect”
Areas surrounding an core/inner city
what is the doughnut effect
The occurrence of rich suburbs around collapsed inner city
*Define Rural
- Multiple definitions
- continuum
- from farm residency to non farm residency and small tows away from others
7-98 people per square mile
*Define Frontier
<6 people per square mile
*Population Characteristic of Rural Areas: race
More caucasions
*Population Characteristic of Rural Areas: Age
Higher portions of younger (<18) and older (>65)
*Population Characteristic of Rural Areas: marrage/
More likely married
More likely to be widowed
*Population Characteristic of Rural Areas: socioeconomic
more likely to be poor
*Population Characteristic of Rural Areas: Education
Fewer years of formal education
*Population Characteristic of Rural Areas: Insurance
At risk for being under and un-insured
*Health Status of Rural Residence: Access/Use
- Health professional shortage area
- Poor access
- Wait to use a health care service due to distance
*Health Status of Rural Residence: Chronic illness
higher rates
-more likely to commodities
*Health Status of Rural Residence: At risk population
- Children
- Minorities
- Migrant workers
- Pregnant women
*Health Status of Rural Residence: Physical
- Elderly, physical limitation
- Injury, physical limitation
- Environmental and occupational risk
*Barriers to care for rural residence
- Distance
- Lack of providers
- Lack or transportation~personal or public
- Weather
- Outreach services unavailable
*What is telemedicine/telehealth
-giving care or tracking status from a different location then the individual
*Examples of telehealth
- Video conference
- phone call
- fit bit
- heart monitors
*Define migrant farmworker
Travels to do farm work
Unable to return to permanent resident within the same day
*Define Seasonal farmworker
Returns to seasonal resident each day
Does not work year round in agriculture
Works in farming at least 25 days or part-day per year
*Migrant workers are at high risk for what conditions?
- Chronic disease
- Poor dental health
- Mental Health problems
- TB
- Anemia
- Diabetes
- HTN
- Work injury
- Chemical exposure
- HIV/AIDS
*Things helping migrant workers in access to health care
-Migrant Health Act (1962)
~vital in the creation of migrant health care centers
-Migrant health centers
*limitations to health care access for migrants
- Lack of knowledge
- lack of affordability
- Availability of serveses
- Transportation
- Hours of services
- Discrimination
- Documentation
- Language
Occupational health risks for migrant worers
- injuries
- chemicals
- inadequate surveillance
- physical demands
Housing issues for migrant workers
- -crowded
- lack of showers and laundry
- hard to locate and get affordable housing
Risk to children and youth of migrant workers
- Malnutrition
- infectious disease
- Dental
- Poor immunization
- Pesticides
- injuries
- social and school life disruptions
- obesity
- stunting
- HTN
- anemia
Cultural considerations for Mexican migrant workers
- likely to turn to family before health care workers
- listent o folk healers
Health values of Mexican communities
- Females are caretakers, males are decision-maers
- family has a significant influences
- may listen to freind with a similar health problem over the health proffessional
- Health may be considered a gift from god
*Primary prevention/role r/t migrant workers
- commmunity educator
- signs of pesticide poisoning
*secondary prevention/role r/t migrant workers
- Screening and monitoring
- depression, diabetes
*Tertiary prevention/role
r/t migrant workers no
n
*Vulnerability model related to migrant workers: Behavioral domain
- poor diet and nutrition
- high stress and poor coping
- Alcohol and drug abuse
- activity and rest imbalance
*Vulnerability model related to migrant workers: Environmental domain
- Pesticides
- Crowded housing
- climate/sun
*Vulnerability model related to migrant workers: Sociocultural domain
- Underimployment
- Poor education
- Poor economic status
- Uninsured
- Poor access to health care
*Vulnerability model related to migrant workers: Biological domain
- All ages and genders
- Children work
- Race and ethnicity; mexican
