Communicable Disease Flashcards
*what is salmonellosis
A food born illness
*Salmonellosis: signs and symptoms
?
*Salmonellosis: Treatment/tests
stool sample
*Salmonellosis: Prevention
- storing food in the correct temperature fridge/freezer
- 140 holding temp for cooked food
- ensure meets are cooked to their minimum temp.
- keep away from 41-139 degrees
*Salmonellosis: Agent
Bacteria (salmonella)
*Salmonellosis: Host
Human
*Salmonellosis: Environment
Food borne
*What is MRSA?
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
infection
*MRSA: Agent
Bacteria
Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus
*MRSA: Host
Human
*MRSA: Environment
Hospital
Community
Naturally occurring on the skin and nasal cavity. Enter with injury
*MRSA: signs and symptoms
- small red bump, pimple, or boil.
- area may be tender, swollen, or warm to the touch
- puss
*MRSA: Transmission
-Contact (direct or indirect)
*MRSA: Treatment/tests
Test
- tissue sample
- nasal secretions
Treatment
- Antibiotics
- outpatient management of community MRSA
*MRSA: Prevention
Hospitalization
- proper hygiene and sanitation in the hospital
- isolation
- ppe
Community
- hand hygiene
- keep woulds covered
- showering after sporting events
- sanitize linens
*Health care associated MRSA vs. Community associated MRSA?
Hospital
-obtained from being hospitalized, LTC, invasive medical device
Community
- obtained outside the hospital
- contact sports, crowded living, men having sex with men
*What is TB
Bacterial infection most common in the lungs
*TB: Agent
Bacteria (myobacterium tuberculosis)
*TB: Host
Human
poor nutrition, concurrent disease, low immunity
*TB: Environment
Crowding
poor ventilation
bad sanitation
*TB: signs and symptoms
- cough
- pain in chest
- weakness
- fatigue
- weight loss
- no appetite
- productive cough of blood or sputum
*TB: Transmission
Airborn
*TB: Treatment latent TB
12w regimen
- INH
- RPT
- RIF
Dont treat all. Treat 2-11 y.o., HIV taking antiretroviral
*TB: Tests
- Skin testing/PPD (infected)
- TB blood test (infected)
- Chest x-ray (active)
*TB: Prevention
?
*Latent TB vs Active TB
latent
- in the body but not making one sick
- not infectious
active
- infectious
- opportunistic
*First line medications for TB
RIPE
- Rifampin (RIF)
- Isoiazid (INH)
- Pyrazinamide (PZA)
- Ethambutol (EMB)
*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 5mm?
HIV positive
recent contact with an HIV patient
changes in chest x-ray
organ transplant
*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 10mm?
- recent visit to high prevalence location
- iv drug user
- health care worker
- cormorbid conditions
- <4 y.o.
- infants, children, adolescents exposed to high risk categories
*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 15mm?
person with no known risks
*TB: Treatment active TB
10 drugs total approved in the us For pulmonary -RIPE for 2month -RI 2-6month if all is going well Non-pulmonary may be longer than 6m
*What is HIV?
A progressive disease caused by a virus, leading to aids and a depressed immune system
*HIV: Agent
Virus
*HIV: Host
Human
*HIV: Environment
Drug abuse
Unprotected sexual activity
Blood to blood exposure/working in a hospital
*HIV: Signs and symptoms
“worst cold/flu of my life”
-opportunistic infection (later stages)
*HIV: Transmision
- Contact with infected blood
- Sex
*HIV: Tests
Elisa
-1st test, result in about 20 min
Western blot
-2nd, to double check, results in about a week
~lag period of 3wk -> 3m -> 6m, where antibodies are undetectable
*HIV: Treatment
Medications, HAART
*what is HAART?
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
-combination of medication
*Drawbacks to HAART?
- no a cure
- expensive
- side effects
- interaction with other drugs
*HIV medications: Entry inhibitors
Block HIV from entering CD4 cells
*HIV medication: Nukes and non-nukes
Stop HIV from changing RNA into DNA
*HIV medication: Integrase inhibitors
Block HIV from being integrated into the DNA
*HIV medications: Protease inhibitors
Prevents now from being cut into protections and assembled
*HIV: prevention
- Protection with sex
- Prep
*Stages of HIV disease
- Initial infection
- Acute infection (primary HIV infection)
- Clinical latency
- AIDS
*HIV: acute infection
large amount of virus are being produced
1’worst flu ever”
*HIV: clinical latency
HIV reproduces at very low levels
May not have symptoms
Can last up to 8 years or longer
- chronic stage
- asymptomatic
*HIV: AIDS
CD4 cells <200
typically 3yr survival with no treatment
*HIV: Viral load
Measure of the amount of HIV RNA (virus) in the body
- Undetectable viral load does not mean the virus is cured
- want <7,000 copies/ml
*HIV: CD4 count
Measure the extent of immune damage done by the HIV RNA virus
-Want >350/mm
*HIV: relationship of viral load and CD4 count
Inversely related as. As Viral load goes up CD4 goes down
- Want viral load <7,000 and CD4 >350
- If viral load >55,000 and CD4 <200 85% chance of progressing to AIDS w/in 3 yr.
*AIDS: signs and symptoms
- Sever fatigue
- Sudden weight loss
- Night sweats
- Fever
- Diarrhea (potential risk in inc. exposure)
- Bruising and/or bleeding
- Skin rash and spots
- Oral thrush
- Neuro problems
- Frequent infections
- Persistent generalized lymhadenopathy
*Define opportunistic infections (OI)
Infections that take an advantage of an already depressed immune system to cuse infection
-high risk with CD4<50
*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii s/s
- night sweats
- fatigue
- fever
- cough
- loss of weight
(similar to TB)
*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii what it is
Parasite the infects the lungs
*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii dx
x-ray
broncoscope
sputum
*HIV: OI candidiasis what it is
Fungal infection typically of the mouth and vagina
*HIV: OI Candidiasis s/s
- Pain
- dec. appetite
- difficulty swallowing
- Itching, burning, and/or thick discharge from of the vagina
*HIV: OI Karposi’s sarcoma what it is
The human peruses virus (HPV) come in and creates sarcomas
*HIV: OI Karposi’s sarcoma s/s
lesions-can be all over body (feet, mouth, leg, torso)
