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N3 Providor Exam 3 > Communicable Disease > Flashcards

Communicable Disease Flashcards

1
Q

*what is salmonellosis

A

A food born illness

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2
Q

*Salmonellosis: signs and symptoms

A

?

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3
Q

*Salmonellosis: Treatment/tests

A

stool sample

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4
Q

*Salmonellosis: Prevention

A
  • storing food in the correct temperature fridge/freezer
  • 140 holding temp for cooked food
  • ensure meets are cooked to their minimum temp.
  • keep away from 41-139 degrees
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5
Q

*Salmonellosis: Agent

A

Bacteria (salmonella)

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6
Q

*Salmonellosis: Host

A

Human

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7
Q

*Salmonellosis: Environment

A

Food borne

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8
Q

*What is MRSA?

A

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

infection

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9
Q

*MRSA: Agent

A

Bacteria

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

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10
Q

*MRSA: Host

A

Human

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11
Q

*MRSA: Environment

A

Hospital
Community

Naturally occurring on the skin and nasal cavity. Enter with injury

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12
Q

*MRSA: signs and symptoms

A
  • small red bump, pimple, or boil.
  • area may be tender, swollen, or warm to the touch
  • puss
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13
Q

*MRSA: Transmission

A

-Contact (direct or indirect)

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14
Q

*MRSA: Treatment/tests

A

Test

  • tissue sample
  • nasal secretions

Treatment

  • Antibiotics
  • outpatient management of community MRSA
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15
Q

*MRSA: Prevention

A

Hospitalization

  • proper hygiene and sanitation in the hospital
  • isolation
  • ppe

Community

  • hand hygiene
  • keep woulds covered
  • showering after sporting events
  • sanitize linens
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16
Q

*Health care associated MRSA vs. Community associated MRSA?

A

Hospital
-obtained from being hospitalized, LTC, invasive medical device

Community

  • obtained outside the hospital
  • contact sports, crowded living, men having sex with men
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17
Q

*What is TB

A

Bacterial infection most common in the lungs

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18
Q

*TB: Agent

A

Bacteria (myobacterium tuberculosis)

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19
Q

*TB: Host

A

Human

poor nutrition, concurrent disease, low immunity

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20
Q

*TB: Environment

A

Crowding
poor ventilation
bad sanitation

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21
Q

*TB: signs and symptoms

A
  • cough
  • pain in chest
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • weight loss
  • no appetite
  • productive cough of blood or sputum
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22
Q

*TB: Transmission

A

Airborn

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23
Q

*TB: Treatment latent TB

A

12w regimen

  • INH
  • RPT
  • RIF

Dont treat all. Treat 2-11 y.o., HIV taking antiretroviral

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24
Q

*TB: Tests

A
  • Skin testing/PPD (infected)
  • TB blood test (infected)
  • Chest x-ray (active)
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25
Q

*TB: Prevention

A

?

26
Q

*Latent TB vs Active TB

A

latent

  • in the body but not making one sick
  • not infectious

active

  • infectious
  • opportunistic
27
Q

*First line medications for TB

A

RIPE

  • Rifampin (RIF)
  • Isoiazid (INH)
  • Pyrazinamide (PZA)
  • Ethambutol (EMB)
28
Q

*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 5mm?

A

HIV positive
recent contact with an HIV patient
changes in chest x-ray
organ transplant

29
Q

*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 10mm?

A
  • recent visit to high prevalence location
  • iv drug user
  • health care worker
  • cormorbid conditions
  • <4 y.o.
  • infants, children, adolescents exposed to high risk categories
30
Q

*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 15mm?

A

person with no known risks

31
Q

*TB: Treatment active TB

A 
10 drugs total approved in the us
For pulmonary
-RIPE for 2month
-RI 2-6month if all is going well
Non-pulmonary may be longer than 6m
32
Q

*What is HIV?

A

A progressive disease caused by a virus, leading to aids and a depressed immune system

33
Q

*HIV: Agent

A

Virus

34
Q

*HIV: Host

A

Human

35
Q

*HIV: Environment

A

Drug abuse
Unprotected sexual activity
Blood to blood exposure/working in a hospital

36
Q

*HIV: Signs and symptoms

A

“worst cold/flu of my life”

-opportunistic infection (later stages)

37
Q

*HIV: Transmision

A
  • Contact with infected blood

- Sex

38
Q

*HIV: Tests

A

Elisa
-1st test, result in about 20 min

Western blot
-2nd, to double check, results in about a week

~lag period of 3wk -> 3m -> 6m, where antibodies are undetectable

39
Q

*HIV: Treatment

A

Medications, HAART

40
Q

*what is HAART?

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

-combination of medication

41
Q

*Drawbacks to HAART?

A
  • no a cure
  • expensive
  • side effects
  • interaction with other drugs
42
Q

*HIV medications: Entry inhibitors

A

Block HIV from entering CD4 cells

43
Q

*HIV medication: Nukes and non-nukes

A

Stop HIV from changing RNA into DNA

44
Q

*HIV medication: Integrase inhibitors

A

Block HIV from being integrated into the DNA

45
Q

*HIV medications: Protease inhibitors

A

Prevents now from being cut into protections and assembled

46
Q

*HIV: prevention

A
  • Protection with sex

- Prep

47
Q

*Stages of HIV disease

A
  • Initial infection
  • Acute infection (primary HIV infection)
  • Clinical latency
  • AIDS
48
Q

*HIV: acute infection

A

large amount of virus are being produced

1’worst flu ever”

49
Q

*HIV: clinical latency

A

HIV reproduces at very low levels
May not have symptoms
Can last up to 8 years or longer

  • chronic stage
  • asymptomatic
50
Q

*HIV: AIDS

A

CD4 cells <200

typically 3yr survival with no treatment

51
Q

*HIV: Viral load

A

Measure of the amount of HIV RNA (virus) in the body

  • Undetectable viral load does not mean the virus is cured
  • want <7,000 copies/ml
52
Q

*HIV: CD4 count

A

Measure the extent of immune damage done by the HIV RNA virus

-Want >350/mm

53
Q

*HIV: relationship of viral load and CD4 count

A

Inversely related as. As Viral load goes up CD4 goes down

  • Want viral load <7,000 and CD4 >350
  • If viral load >55,000 and CD4 <200 85% chance of progressing to AIDS w/in 3 yr.
54
Q

*AIDS: signs and symptoms

A
  • Sever fatigue
  • Sudden weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Fever
  • Diarrhea (potential risk in inc. exposure)
  • Bruising and/or bleeding
  • Skin rash and spots
  • Oral thrush
  • Neuro problems
  • Frequent infections
  • Persistent generalized lymhadenopathy
55
Q

*Define opportunistic infections (OI)

A

Infections that take an advantage of an already depressed immune system to cuse infection

-high risk with CD4<50

56
Q

*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii s/s

A
  • night sweats
  • fatigue
  • fever
  • cough
  • loss of weight

(similar to TB)

57
Q

*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii what it is

A

Parasite the infects the lungs

58
Q

*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii dx

A

x-ray
broncoscope
sputum

59
Q

*HIV: OI candidiasis what it is

A

Fungal infection typically of the mouth and vagina

60
Q

*HIV: OI Candidiasis s/s

A
  • Pain
  • dec. appetite
  • difficulty swallowing
  • Itching, burning, and/or thick discharge from of the vagina
61
Q

*HIV: OI Karposi’s sarcoma what it is

A

The human peruses virus (HPV) come in and creates sarcomas

62
Q

*HIV: OI Karposi’s sarcoma s/s

A

lesions-can be all over body (feet, mouth, leg, torso)

N3 Providor Exam 3 (7 decks)

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