Disaster Flashcards
*Define disaster
Any man-made or natural event that causes destruction and devastation that cannot be alleviated without assistance
*Examples of natural disasters
- hurricane
- earthquake
- blizzard
- hailstorms
- drought
- floods
- communicable disease epidemics
*Example of human-made disasters
- conventional warfare
- non-conventional warfare (nuclear, chemical)
- Structural collapse
- fires
- toxic pollution
- civil unrest
*Four stages of disaster menagemnet
- Prevention (mitigation)
- Preparedness
- Response
- Recovery
Prevention against natural disasters
-structural and non-structural measures
prevention against human-made disasters
- Heightened inspections
- Isolation/quarantine
- Public health and agricultural surveillance and testing
- Halting CBRNE threats
(disaster)Preparedness: personal
- personal and family checklists
- meeting spots
- emergency kit
(disaster) Preparedness: professional
- nurses need to be physically and mentally healthy to assist in disaster relief
- Nurses need to understand disaster plans
(disaster) Preparedness: community
-written plan in your community
participate in mock disaster drill
-review disaster history of community
Emergency supplies nurses should have ready (highlighted)
- identification badge
- drivers license
- First-aid kit with mouth-to-mouth CPR mask
- radio with batteries
- cell phone charge
- cash, credit card
- medications for self
The preparedness cycle/national responce framewor
Plan -> organize, train, and equip -> exercise -> evaluate and improve -> plan ->…
Role of the nurse in disaster prepardness
- Help develop plan for community and employment
- Provide education
- Know where vulnerable populations exist
- Identify community resources
level I disaster
massive disaster and/or act of terrorism
-Federal response/involvement
level II disaster
Moderate disaster
-regional involvement/response
level III disaster
Minor disaster
-local response/involvement
National responce framework in r/t FEMA (3)
->Gain and maintain situational awareness (Analise) -> Activate and deploy resources and capabilities -> Coordinate response actions (reflect) ->
*What is FEMA
Federal Emergency Management Agency
How many regions does FEMA have?
10
plus alaska and hawaii
Roles involved in the incident command system
- command (head person)
- operations
- Logistics
- Planning
- Admin/finance
Incident command system: operations leader
- Coordinates and executes strategy/tactics to achieve response objectives
- Establishes strategy and specific tactics
Incident command system: Logistics
- Performers technical activities required to maintain the function of operational facilities and processes
- supports in the way of supplies and equipment management/obtaining
Incident command system: Admin/finance
- Supports in administrative issues
- tracks and processes expenses
-Includes helping in issues such as licensure requirements, regulatory compliance, and financial accounting
Incident command system: Command
-Defines goals and operational period objectives
*Role of PHN in disaster response
-First responder ~triage -Epidemiology and ongoing surveillance -Rapid needs assessment -Disaster communication -Sheltering
Primary agencies involved in disaster response
- FEMA
- American Red Cross
- Salvation army
- Churches
- Voluntary organizations
Recovery activities/goals
Aimed towards restoration of economic and civic life of a community
*Role of the PHN in recovery
- Referral
- Observe for environmental hazards
- Teach activities to decrease communicable disease risk
- Evaluate immunization records
- Education
- common reaction to disasters from adults
- pain and fear
- extreem sense of urgency
- need to help others
- Anger, blaming, guilt
- apathy and depression
- headaches
- moody, irritable
- domestic violence
*Common reaction to disasters from children
- regressive behaviors (bedwetting, thumb sucking, crying, clinging to parents)
- Fantasies that the disaster never occurred
- Nightmares
- School related problems (inability to concentrate, refuse to go back)
Signals from disaster workers that may indicate the need for stress management services (during response period)
- deny the need for rest and recovery
- Fatigue
- unnecessary risk taking
- poor concentration
- unneeded urgency
- limited attention span
- reluctant to leave
- cold/flu like symptoms
- tremor
- headache
- nausea
What is the purpose of a lessons learned report?
Used to evaluate a disaster situation and find way/areas to improve
Progression of stress reactions within a community to disaster
heroic (overwhelming need to help other survivors) -> honeymoon (thankful to be o, tell their story) -> disillusionment (reality hits, sense of dispare and exhaustion) -> reconstruction (longest, goal to return to a state of normal)
*Primary prevention r/t disaster management
- Developing a management plan
- participating in drills
*secondary prevention r/t disaster management
-asses disaster victims/triage
*Tertiary prevention r/t disaster management
-participate in home visits to asses dangers/hazards
*Define terrorism
The systematic use of terror, the deliberate creation and exploitation of fear for bringing about political changes.
*Conventional terrorist weapons
- guns
- bombs
*Non-conventional terrorist weapons
- Chemical
- Biological
- Nuclear
*Define chemical terrorism
- attacks meant to cause mass devastation in which terrorists release toxins
- chemical attacks meant to terrorize, blackmail, or cause economic damage
- a specific attack in a particular food product
*Ways to spread chemicals
- Air (bomb, crop duster, truck spray)
- Municipal water supply
- Food supply
Define nuclear terrorist attack
An incident in which a terrorist organization uses a nuclear device to cause mass murder and devastation
*Define bioterrism
The use and dissemination of various kinds of microbes or toxins with the intent to intimidate or coerce a government or civilian population to frther political or social objectives
Preparation for biological attacks
- surveillance and response cabilities
- Communication systems
- Educating the general public
- obting and storing drugs and vaccines
- having diagnostics and treatments
Responce to bioterrism
- Bio watch
- Bio sense (acces to data r/t illness)
- Project biosheild (vaccine drug development)
- Cities readiness initiative (ie. regional med stores)
What is the stategic national stockpile program
The storage of medications to counter act bioterrism attack stored in unknown location regionally
decontamination zones
- hot
- Warm
- Cold
What happens in the hot zone
-high likelihood to be infected
What happens in the warm zone
-decontamination
What happens in the cold zone
-treatment
