Genetics and Genomics

Question 1

Define genetics

Answer 1

study of the function and effect of a single genes that are inherited by children from their parents

Question 2

Define genomics

Answer 2

Study of individual genes in order to understand the structure of the genome

Question 3

*Difference between genetics and genomics

Answer 3

Genetics: looking at a specific person and their genes
Genomics: looking at a specific gene to find the overall picture/structure

Question 4

*What are the four bases of DNA

Answer 4

• adenine
• Thiamine
• Guanine
• Cytosine

Question 5

What year was the structure of DNA identified

Answer 5

1953

Question 6

When did the mapping of the human genome take place (start-finish)

Answer 6

1988-2003 human genome project

Question 7

How identical are humans genetically and how different are they?

Answer 7

99.9% identical

Nearly 25,000 genes make up the 0.01% differences

Question 8

idications for gene/DNA testing

Answer 8

• predicting developmental disorders
• screening populations
• confirming clinical dx
• prenatal testing
• development of individualized medicine treatment

Question 9

Current issues in genomics and genetics

Answer 9

• importance of family medicle history
• providing appropriate support and education regarding genetic risk factors
• multifactorial influences
• multifactorial diseases

Question 10

Ethical and legal considerations

Answer 10

• Employer discrimination
• Any discrimination
• Confidentiality

Question 11

*Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA)

Answer 11

2009 act designed to prohibit the improper use of genetic information in health insurance and employment

Question 12

*Personalized health care

Answer 12

The potential for genomics to enable medicine to be tailored to a persons needs

Question 13

*Personalized health care examples

Answer 13

-Texting DNA to determine which meditations will work best for an individual regarding depression, anxiety, schizophrenia

Question 14

What is Evaluation of Genomic Applicaitons in Practice and Prevention Working Group (EGAPP)?

Answer 14

A group who suggests/determines how to appropriately test and evaluate DNA

Question 15

Genomic competancies for the public health workforce

Answer 15

• Basic knowledge in the role genomics plays in disease development
• Know limits of their genomic expertise
• Makes appropriate referrals

NCHPEG say understand cell bio, molecular genetics, genetic tech, ect

Question 16

Professional practice domain for an RN r/t genetics and genomics

Answer 16

• demonstrate understanding of genomics
• Get at least a 3gen family history
• construct a pedigree
• Collect histories considering genetic, environment, and genomic influences on risk
• Critically analyze history
• Asses clients knowledge
• Develop a plan of care incorporating genomics

Question 17

*Steps to mapping out a pedigree

Answer 17

• Talk to family and client, ask questions
• Draw a basic outline of a family tree
• Record all you now about each member
  
  • age, DOB
  • cause of death
  • medical dx, date of dx
  • ancestral origin

Question 18

Genetic red flags

Answer 18

• History of the same disorder in multiple people in the same family
• Disease has an onset earlier than expected
• Ethnicity risk similar (mom/dad)

Question 19

Rn provides what r/t genetics/genomics

Answer 19

• explanation/interpretation of services
• information, resources and technologies
• education
• referrals