Ruminant Stomach

Question 1

What does rumen motility require

Answer 1

Intact aff eff nerves, gastric center in brain, input signals from reticulum/rumen/abomasum

Question 2

4 mech of decreased rumen motility

Answer 2

Depression of gastric center (fever, toxins)
Increased inhibitory input (pain, low ph)
Decreased excitatory input (vagus)
Motor path blocked (structural damage or functional issues)

Question 3

Pathogenesis/pathophysiology of grain overload

Answer 3

High grain diet → microbes grow → vfa
→ ruminal acidosis → change in flora →ruminal acidosis

Metabolic acidosis
Dehydration/diarrhea (osmotic)
Endotoxemia (mucosa damage)
Low motility ( increased inhibitory, gastric center)
Bloat (mild)
Death

Question 4

Subacute ruminal acidosis pathogens/pathophy

Answer 4

Ruminal acidosis leads to chemical rumen it is, inflammation can damage the mucosal barrier and cause bacteria to get into circulation. That can cause hepatitis, splenetic, necrobacillosis (abscesses)

Question 5

What are the types of bloat

Answer 5

Primary-free gas-the gas cap is unable to be educated because of an obstruction, occlusion, deficits in reflex.
Frothy bloat is the formation of a stable foam blocking the cardia preventing eructation, there’s two types.
-legume/pasture: eating less mature plants leading to stabilization of the stable foam.
-feedlot: high concentration diet creates a microbial slime that stabilizes foam

Question 6

Clinical consequences of bloat

Answer 6

Press against caudal vena cava-RHF, shock
Press against diaphragm-dyspnea
Decreased rumen motility

Question 7

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis pathogen and pathophys

Answer 7

Hardwares disease

Object like a needle is eaten and penetrates the rumen leading to peritonitis and even pericarditis

Question 8

Abomasal displacement in cows (signalment, two sides)

Answer 8

Post parturition dairy cattle
Cause is unclear (acidosis, parturition, etc), cause abomasal atony and it to fill with gas and rise.
RDA-does not cut off blood circulation, not an emergency, interferes with digestion and motility.
LDA-cuts off circulation, ischemic necrosis

Question 9

Abomasal ostertagiasis: what parasite is it caused by, Pathogenesis.pathophysiology, clinical signs, lesions

Answer 9

Caused by ostertagia ostertagia, parasite lives in gastric mucosa and causes chronic abomasitis, if severe protein losing gastropathy, decreased hcl, pepsinogen production.
Clinical signs-edema, diarrhea, weight loss
Lesion-white raised nodules, gastric cell hyperplasia, Moroccan leather
Type 1-less than 2, molts to adult, will see eggs in feces
Type 2-2 to 4, parasite is arrested in glands during winter and emerge later in spring

Question 10

Abomasal lymphosarcoma-where does it present

Answer 10

Hula-heart, uterus, lungs, abomasum

Question 11

What disease in commonly in cows post parturition

Answer 11

Displaced abomasums

Question 12

E defects of feeding high concentrate diets

Answer 12

Frothy-feedlot bloat

Ruminal acidosis