Oropharynx and esophagus

Question 1

Consequences of malocclusion

Answer 1

Traumatize soft tissues of oral cavity, cause abnormal tooth wear, accelerate periodontal disease

Question 2

How does distemper affect the teeth

Answer 2

It attacks the enamel forming epithelial cells (ameloblasts), cause necrosis and hypoplasia of enamel, which produce pits on surface

Question 3

What is dental plaque, tarter, and periodontal disease. Pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Answer 3

Plaque is the accumulation of bacteria on teeth, tarter is the mineralization of plaque, periodontal disease is a combination of the two and progressively getting worse and causing surround gingiva tissue damage.
Pathogenesis: bacteria causing inflammation and the gingiva and surrounding tissue, if inflammation goes deep into the alveolar socket, suspensions apparatus is destroyed and tooth loosens.

Question 4

Types of viral stomatitis

Answer 4

• vesicular: exotic, reportable (FMD), hydronic degeneration or swelling of feels and then cells rupture forming a vesicle, can rupture
• ulcerative: most due to disease elsewhere like BVD

Question 5

Feline stomatitis-signs, cause, lesion, poss treatment

Answer 5

• abnormal response to antigen on teeth possibly
• stomatitis, ulcers, chronic and progressive
• full mouth dental extraction, steroids, antibiotics

Question 6

Most common oral neoplasia in dogs

Answer 6

Oral melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, fibrosarcoma-all malignant
Epulis (feplo, ossifying epulis, acanthomatous ameloblastoma)-benign except last one is invasive but not metastasizing

Question 7

Behaviors of the common oral neoplasia in dogs

Answer 7

• oral melanoma: rapid growth, local invasion, metastasizes early to LN or lungs, can be black
• squamous cell carcinoma: rapid growth, invades bone, metastasizes late to LN (tonsilliar SCCa is more aggressive), recurrence common, behavior depends on site
• fibrosarcoma: locally invasive, recurrence common, intermediate metastatic potential, also to LN

Question 8

Disorders of salivary glands

Answer 8

Salivary mucocele or sialocelem: accumulation of salivary secretion in surrounding tissues
Ranula: enlarged salivary duct in floor of mouth

Question 9

Esophageal response to injury

Answer 9

• erosion: intact basement membrane, epithelial cells respirate and cover the exposed area, near perfect regeneration
• ulcers: inflammatory cells come in, lay down granulation tissue, covering is made, contraction of the scar but this can lead to stricture, or decreased distensibility

Question 10

Pathogenesis of intraluminal choke

Answer 10

Fb → ischemic necrosis → ulcers → perforation→pleuritis in sa, cellulitis in LA → healing → possible stricture, diverticulum, obstruction, dilitation

Question 11

What is intramural obstruction and causes

What is periesophageal obstruction and causes

Answer 11

Lesion in wall of esophagus
Neoplasia-squamous cell carcinoma most common
Stricture
Inflammation

Obstructions outside the esophagus, congenital vascular ring anomaly or persistent right aortic arch.
Intrathoracic tumors like thymus lymphoma