Intestines

Question 1

Scenario for coccidiosis

Answer 1

Food animals, dogs, cats, not foals
Above 4 weeks because of incubation period
Diarrhea, frank blood

Question 2

Scenario for lymphangiectasia

Answer 2

Yorkie, Rhodesian ridgeback, couples years old

Chronic diarrhea, no blood, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemis, lymphopenia

Question 3

Scenario for AL

Answer 3

Old cat
Chronic vomiting, diarrhea, small bowel
Thick bowel loops
Normal pancrease

Question 4

Scenario for ibd

Answer 4

Adult dog

Chronic diarrhea, weight loss

Question 5

Scenario, lesion, mech for SIBO, lab data

Answer 5

Lesion: intestine grossly is normal, mild diliation in jejunum next to intramural mass, mesenteric LN is enlarged
Mechanism: too much normal bacteria leads to disruption of mucosal phase with brush border damage, intraluminal-bacteria will deconjugate BA leading to decreased fat absorption, altered intestinal contents can stimulate colonic secretions—>maldigestion, malabsorption
-low cobalamin because bacteria uses it up, high folate because bacteria makes it

Question 6

Scenario for rotavirus

Answer 6

Food animals 1-3 was, up to 5mo in foals, dogs and cats 6-9mo

2.5 mo foals watery diarrhea, fever, dehydrated

Question 7

Scenario for crypto

Lesion

Answer 7

Food animals, calves, diarrhea, watery diarrhea no blood, zoonotic
Protozoa attaches to epithelium and causes villous atrophy and crypt hyperplasia which increases secretion

Question 8

Scenario clostridium perfringens

Answer 8

Neonates, ulcerative colitis, bloody and secretory d because of cytotoxic exotoxin, peracute onset, shock

Question 9

Scenario for johnes

Answer 9

Cows, older in age, low morbidity, up to 2 yr incubation, macrophages infiltrate, acid fast bacti, inhibit absorption

Question 10

Scenario for clostridium difficille

Answer 10

Horses, humans, dogs
Stress, hospitals, antibiotics
Ulcerative colitis, bloody d, necrosis, secretory, exotoxins

Question 11

3 phases of digestion

Answer 11

Intraluminal-pancrease, lactose intolerance
Mucosal-brush border and glycocalyx enzymes (giardia)
Delivery-chylomicrons, fat absorption (lymphagiectasia)

Question 12

Cryptosporidium, coccidia, coronavirus, rotavirus, E. coli, salmonella, age affected

Answer 12

Crypto-1 to 3 weeks
Coccidiosis-above 4 weeks
Corona and rota-first 2 to 3 weeks
E. coli-first week
Salmonella-first 4 weeks

Question 13

Difference between Rota and corona virus

Answer 13

Coronavirus affects bigger portion of the tips and can affect the large bowel

Question 14

Types of intestinal obstructions

Answer 14

Simple- single point occluded (fb, neoplasia), leads to detention, loss of fluid/elec from vomiting, bacterial overgrowth, persistent can lead to ischemia and loss of mucosa barrier
Closed loop-occlusion at two points isolate segment of gut (hernia, entrapment), damage due to distention, ischemia, bacterial overgrowth
Closed loop with strangulation-section of gut is twisted, basically damage from ischemia and then devitalization (damage mucosa absorb bacterial, shock, peritonitis)

Question 15

Why can’t the large intestine compensate

Answer 15

To much water from the small intestine, overwhelms capacity of large intestine to absorb (quantitative change in digesta).
Qualitative change in the ingesta, composition of fluid from small intestines is different.
Other concurrent diseases-decrease absorption ability (ibd, lymphoma, salmonella) and decreased fecal transit time (mechanical irritation, inflammation)

Question 16

3 mechanisms for PLE, diseases examples for each

Answer 16

Ulceration-boxer colitis, c. Diff, c.perfringens
Mucosal permeability without ulceration-ibd
Decreased lymphatic drainage/leakage of lymph into GI-lymphangiectasia