Ruminant Metabolic Diseases

Question 1

Bovine Ketosis

Answer 1

Occurs when there is a negative energy balance
* energy for milk production > energy consumed
* diagnosed by ketones in blood, urine, and milk
* milk ketones similar to blood; more accurate than urine

Question 2

Bovine Ketosis
Ketones

Answer 2

• Acetone
• Acetoacetic acid
• B-hydroxybutyric acid

Question 3

Milk Fever

Answer 3

• Hypocalcemia
• Occurs post calving and late gestation

Question 4

Mastitis
Tests

Answer 4

• California Mastitis Test
• Feeling udder; hot vs cold
• Milk culture: gold standard
• Somatic Cell Count - neutrophils predominant

Question 5

Mastitis
Treatment

Answer 5

• Antibiotic - intra mammary gland infusion
• Dry off the cow
• Cull the cow
• Re-evaluate control and preventative measures
• Follow withdrawl time if antibiotics used

Question 6

Mastitis
Contagious

Answer 6

Makes up 95% of cases
* spread via glands during milking
* fomites
* Streptococcus agalactiae
* Staphylococcus aureus
* Corynebacterium bovis
* lepto

Question 7

Mastitis
Environmental

Answer 7

Teat contamination via feces, bedding, soil, and water
* E. coli
* Streptococcus dysgalactiae
* Strep. uberis
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Enterobacter aerogenes

Question 8

ORF

Answer 8

• Scabby mouth with sores
• Zoonotic
• Caused by Poxvirus