Ruminant Head, Neck, Shoulder, and Horns -Assignment 1 Flashcards
What are the borders of the jugular groove in the ox?
ventral- sternomandibularis
dorsal- cleidomastoideus (mastoid part of cleidocephalicus)
medial- sternomastoideus
What muscles are superficial to the jugular vein of the ox?
None.
What is referred to as the knee of large animals?
carpus joint
What is referred to as the cannon bone?
metacarpus
How is the nuchal ligament of the ox different from that of the dog? (3 things here)
There is a cord-like funicular part, and a sheet-like laminar part.
No bursae are associated with the ruminant funiculus nuchae.
Caudal portion of the laminar part in unpaired.
What is an infraorbital pouch?
A superficial structure of the face that is unique to sheep. It is a scent gland at sits in a depression of the skull (rostral to the eye).
What is the difference in the lip of small vs large ruminants?
small- split lip
large- thickened nasolabial plate
What are some superficial facial structures in goats?
Wattles- skin appendages
beards
horn glands caudomedial to the horn
What are the most significant sinuses? How do they communicate in ruminants?
Frontal and maxillary sinuses; they do not communicate
What sinus has diverticulae that extend into the horn?
frontal sinus
How does the frontal sinus differ between small and large ruminants?
The frontal sinus does not extend over the cranial vault in small ruminants.
What nerves of the face are associated with nerve blocks?
Trigeminal and facial nerves
What nerve is normally superficial in the face and how does it differ in ruminants?
buccal branches; ruminants –> trigeminal and facial nerves
What artery can bleed heavily during enucleation?
malar artery
What artery can be used to get a pulse?
facial artery
What artery is associated with the base of the horn?
the cornual artery’s small branches encircle the horn base
What is the biggest species difference in superficial arteries of the face?
No facial artery in small ruminants, they have a large transverse facial to compensate
What is the orbitorotundum?
The combination of the orbital fissure and round foramen- unique to ruminants
How does the dorsal nasal artery differ in large animals?
It originates from the malar artery in the bovine and ovine, and from the superficial temporal artery in the caprine
List the small ruminant species variation in blood vessels of the face listed in the powerpoint.
Small ruminants do not have an angularis oculi artery
The rostral lateral nasal artery is absent in sheep, and the single lateral nasal artery is a branch of the malar
