Assignment 6 (Equine) Flashcards
What are paranasal sinuses?
Air-filled spaces that communicate with the nasal cavity.
What are the major paranasal sinuses in the horse?
Maxillary and frontal
What position should a horses head be in to drain effectively?
Grazing position
Sinuses in young horses are fully developed. True or false?
False
In young horses, the tooth roots take up relatively more space in what sinus?
Maxillary
ALL natural drainage of the sinuses to the nasal cavity occurs through the _________ sinus via the _______ ______ into the ______ _____.
Maxillary; nasomaxillary opening; middle meatus
The maxillary sinus is the only sinus that communicates with the nasal cavity. True or false?
True
Which sinus is divided? What separates these division and what are they called?
The maxillary sinus is divided into rostral and caudal compartments by an oblique septum.
The caudal compartment of the maxillary sinus is subdivided into what divisions? What structures creates these division?
medial and lateral portions divided by the infraorbital foramen
What is the nasomaxillary opening? What two compartments share this opening?
The natural opening of the sinuses to the nasal cavity that opens into the middle meatus. Shared at the top of the oblique septum by rostral and caudal compartments of the maxillary sinus.
What cheek teeth roots project into the maxillary sinus of mature horses?
Roots of the last 3-4 cheek teeth
What sinus does the frontal sinus communicate with? How?
Communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus through the frontomaxillary opening.
What makes up the conchofrontal sinus?
Dorsal and frontal sinus
What sinus does the dorsal conchal sinus communicate with?
frontal sinus
What sinus does the ventral conchal sinus communicate with?
The rostral maxillary sinus
What sinus communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus?
sphenopalatine sinus
What is the complete dental formula for a domestic mammal?
I3/4 C1/1 PM 4/4 M3/3
What is the equine dental formula (permanent and deciduous)?
Permanent: 2(I3/3 C1/1 PM3(4)/3 M3/3)= 40 or 42 Deciduous: 2(dI3/3 dC0/0 dPM3/3)= 24
How many teeth does a mature horse have?
40 or 42 (42 with wolf teeth)
What is the wolf tooth in horses?
Upper PM1 vestigial tooth that may not be present and is often extracted
What is the diastema?
a space or gap, the space between the incisors and cheek teeth in the horse
What is a simple tooth? Is it more likely found in carnivores or herbivores?
A brachydont tooth; means “short crown” There is no growth after eruption Carnivores
Describe the crown, root, and neck a tooth.
Crown: exposed portion covered in enamel Root: within the alveolus, covered in cement Neck: where the crown and root meet at the gum line
What are hypsodont teeth? Herbivores or carnivores?
long tooth or long crowned teeth The crown extends below the gum line, no neck, herbivores
What type of teeth have infundibula and what are they?
hypsodont teeth Recessed areas called cups
What type of teeth continue to grow until roots are fully formed? At what age are they usually fully formed?
hypsodont teeth, 5 years
How are hypsodont teeth pulled to the surface?
deposition of bone and cement deep in the alveolus slowly pushes the tooth out towards the occlusal surface
What is the toughest layer of the tooth? Is it above or below the gum line?
The enamel; extends below the gum line
Cementum is softer than enamel and dentin. True or false?
True
Cementum covers the outside of the tooth and extends just below the gum line. True or false?
False; cementum covers the tooth above and below the gum line completely.
Dentin is worn down over time and is not produced as an adult. True or false?
False; dentin is produced throughout life
