Assignment 6 (Equine)

Question 1

What are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 1

Air-filled spaces that communicate with the nasal cavity.

Question 2

What are the major paranasal sinuses in the horse?

Answer 2

Maxillary and frontal

Question 3

What position should a horses head be in to drain effectively?

Answer 3

Grazing position

Question 4

Sinuses in young horses are fully developed. True or false?

Answer 4

False

Question 5

In young horses, the tooth roots take up relatively more space in what sinus?

Answer 5

Maxillary

Question 6

ALL natural drainage of the sinuses to the nasal cavity occurs through the _________ sinus via the _______ ______ into the ______ _____.

Answer 6

Maxillary; nasomaxillary opening; middle meatus

Question 7

The maxillary sinus is the only sinus that communicates with the nasal cavity. True or false?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Which sinus is divided? What separates these division and what are they called?

Answer 8

The maxillary sinus is divided into rostral and caudal compartments by an oblique septum.

Question 9

The caudal compartment of the maxillary sinus is subdivided into what divisions? What structures creates these division?

Answer 9

medial and lateral portions divided by the infraorbital foramen

Question 10

What is the nasomaxillary opening? What two compartments share this opening?

Answer 10

The natural opening of the sinuses to the nasal cavity that opens into the middle meatus. Shared at the top of the oblique septum by rostral and caudal compartments of the maxillary sinus.

Question 11

What cheek teeth roots project into the maxillary sinus of mature horses?

Answer 11

Roots of the last 3-4 cheek teeth

Question 12

What sinus does the frontal sinus communicate with? How?

Answer 12

Communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus through the frontomaxillary opening.

Question 13

What makes up the conchofrontal sinus?

Answer 13

Dorsal and frontal sinus

Question 14

What sinus does the dorsal conchal sinus communicate with?

Answer 14

frontal sinus

Question 15

What sinus does the ventral conchal sinus communicate with?

Answer 15

The rostral maxillary sinus

Question 16

What sinus communicates with the caudal maxillary sinus?

Answer 16

sphenopalatine sinus

Question 17

What is the complete dental formula for a domestic mammal?

Answer 17

I3/4 C1/1 PM 4/4 M3/3

Question 18

What is the equine dental formula (permanent and deciduous)?

Answer 18

Permanent: 2(I3/3 C1/1 PM3(4)/3 M3/3)= 40 or 42 Deciduous: 2(dI3/3 dC0/0 dPM3/3)= 24

Question 19

How many teeth does a mature horse have?

Answer 19

40 or 42 (42 with wolf teeth)

Question 20

What is the wolf tooth in horses?

Answer 20

Upper PM1 vestigial tooth that may not be present and is often extracted

Question 21

What is the diastema?

Answer 21

a space or gap, the space between the incisors and cheek teeth in the horse

Question 22

What is a simple tooth? Is it more likely found in carnivores or herbivores?

Answer 22

A brachydont tooth; means “short crown” There is no growth after eruption Carnivores

Question 23

Describe the crown, root, and neck a tooth.

Answer 23

Crown: exposed portion covered in enamel Root: within the alveolus, covered in cement Neck: where the crown and root meet at the gum line

Question 24

What are hypsodont teeth? Herbivores or carnivores?

Answer 24

long tooth or long crowned teeth The crown extends below the gum line, no neck, herbivores

Question 25

What type of teeth have infundibula and what are they?

Answer 25

hypsodont teeth Recessed areas called cups

Question 26

What type of teeth continue to grow until roots are fully formed? At what age are they usually fully formed?

Answer 26

hypsodont teeth, 5 years

Question 27

How are hypsodont teeth pulled to the surface?

Answer 27

deposition of bone and cement deep in the alveolus slowly pushes the tooth out towards the occlusal surface

Question 28

What is the toughest layer of the tooth? Is it above or below the gum line?

Answer 28

The enamel; extends below the gum line

Question 29

Cementum is softer than enamel and dentin. True or false?

Answer 29

True

Question 30

Cementum covers the outside of the tooth and extends just below the gum line. True or false?

Answer 30

False; cementum covers the tooth above and below the gum line completely.

Question 31

Dentin is worn down over time and is not produced as an adult. True or false?

Answer 31

False; dentin is produced throughout life