Assignment 24 Equine Flashcards
What is the inguinal canal?
the opening in the caudal part of the abdominal wall through which testes descents into the scrotum
What two muscles is the inguinal canal located?
IAO and EAO
What forms the superficial inguinal ring?
a slit in the aponeurosis of the EAO
The EAO splits into two parts, what are they?
pelvic insertion (coxal tuber and prepubic tendon)
abdominal insertion (linea alba and prepubic tendon)
What are the caudal, cranial, and medial boundaries of the deep inguinal ring?
caudal: inguinal ligament
cranial: caudal free edge of IAO
medial: lateral edge of prepubic tendon
What is the inguinal ligament?
The strengthened caudal edge of the aponeurosis of EAO
Structures passing cranial to inguinal ligament are going through what?
inguinal canal
Structures passing caudal to inguinal ligament are going through what? Where are they going?
vascular lacuna to the pelvic limb
What does the inguinal canal separate?
vascular lacuna and inguinal canal
List the 6 structure passing through the inguinal canal in the stallion?
vaginal ring parietal vaginal tunic spermatic cord cremaster m. genitofemoral n. external pudental a.
What becomes the parietal vaginal tunic as it passes through the inguinal canal and around the spermatic cord?
parietal peritoneum
What structures pass through the inguinal canal of the mare?
genitofemoral n.
branches of L2
external pudental a.
Do mares have a vaginal process?
No
What are the four accessory glands of the stallion?
ampullary gland
vesicular gland
prostate gland
bulbourethral gland
What forms the ampullary glands?
Thickening of the terminal part of the deferent duct
Describe the vesicular glands.
paired, elongated, pear shaped, and hollow
Vesicular glands are also called ________.
seminal vesicles
Where are vesicular glands located?
wholly or partly within the genital fold
What forms the ejaculatory duct?
the excretory duct of the vesicular glands + deferent duct
What is the colliculus seminalis?
the crest at the openings of the ejaculatory duct (dorsal surface)
What part of the prostate is absent in the horse?
disseminate
The prostate gland of the horse is retroperitoneal. True or false?
true
The prostate gland of the horse is _____, joined by ______.
bilobed; isthmus
Describe the bulbourethal glands.
Paired, club shaped tubular glands
What covers the bulbourethal glands?
bulboglandularis muscles
How many mammary glands do horses have?
2
How many teats does each mammary gland have in mares?
1
How many openings does each teat have?
2
Do the openings of the same teat lead to the same or separate duct systems?
separate
What is the major blood supply to the udder?
external pudental a.
What is the venous drainage of the udder?
accessory external pudental s.
What is the lymphatic drainage of the udder?
superficial inguinal ln
What is unique about the ovaries of the horse?
they are kidney-bean shaped
ovulation fossa is present
Equine ovaries lack what?
protrusion of follicles and corpora lutea
What suspends the ovaries?
mesovarium
The lateral border of the mesovarium forms _______ and the cranial border forms _____.
mesoalpinx; suspensory ligament of the ovary
The uterine tubes extend from the _______ to the ______.
ovulation fossa; uterine horms
What suspends the uterine tubes?
mesosalpinx
Which end of the uterine tubes form a funnel-shaped infundibulum?
ovarian end
Where are fimbriae located?
on the free edge of the infundibulum
Where does fertilization take place in the horse? What leads to this place?
ampulla; deep opening of infundibulum leads to ampulla
What cavity is the uterus located in and what is it suspended by?
abdominal; mesometrium
What forms the round ligament of the uterus?
the lateral surfaces of the mesometrium suspending the uterus
The body of the uterus is longer than the uterine horns in the horse. True or false?
False- horns are slightly longer than body
What cavity are the uterine horns located?
abdominal
What cavity is the uterine body located?
abdominal and pelvic
What makes up the broad ligament?
mesometrium, mesovarium, mesosalpinx
What cavity is the cervix located?
pelvic
What is the porlio vaginalis?
the extension of the cervix into the vagina
How does the cervix close and when does it close?
radially arranged ongitudinal folds close the cervical canal except during estrus
What arteries supply the uterus of the dog?
ovarian and uterine
What arteries supply the uterus of large animals?
ovarian, uterine, and uterine branch of vaginal
What is the difference in the blood supply to the uterus between large and small animals?
The difference is in the uterine artery and its origin. It branches from the vaginal in the dog, but from the umbilical (cow and pig), or external iliac (horse) in other species. In those species the branch from the vaginal artery to the uterus is referred to as the uterine branch.
