Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GA II > Avian Anatomy > Flashcards

Avian Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The skin of birds is ___ sensitive than mammals and bleeds ___.

A

less; less

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Birds dont have any glands. True or False?

A

False- they are virtually glandless but have the uropygial gland and some in vent and external ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are brooding/incubation patches?

A

feather loss, thickening, increased vascularity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The beak is well ______ and grows ________.

A

innervated; continuously

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a shank?

A

legs- cornified epidermis similar to scales of reptiles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a spur?

A

a structure on a roosters shank that has an osseous core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Can you age a rooster using the spur?

A

yes, length and rings at base related to age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you prevent growth of the spur?

A

remove spur papilla in chick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many digits does a bird have?

A

4 (medial to lateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which direction does the pelvis open in the bird?

A

ventrally

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What would you expect to appear prior to laying season in a hen?

A

trabecular bone, thought to be calcium store

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many cervical vertebrae does a bird have? What about a chicken?

A

8-25

chicken 14-17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae does the chicken have?

A

7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the notarium?

A

4 fused thoracic vertebrae (followed by one free thoracic vertebrae)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the synsacrum?

A

15-16 fused vertebrae in the chicken (plus fused ilium) includes 2 thoracic (with one or two ribs), lumbar, sacral, and 1st caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many free caudal vertebrae does the chicken have?

A

5-6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pygostyle?

A

most caudal fused segment that supports retrices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are retrices?

A

tail feathers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the rectrical bulb?

A

fibroadipose mass agaisnt the ventral surface of pygostyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many digits does the thoracic limb of the chicken have?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which thoracic limb digits in the chicken are reduced?

A

1st and 3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are pneumatized bones?

A

air sacs invade the bone to reduce weight at expense of bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why is the skull different from other pneumatized bones?

A

it is pneumatized by sinuses, not air sacs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What species like a uropygial gland?

A

pigeons, parrots, and hyacinth macaws

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
In what species is the uropygial gland prominent?
budgerigar
26
What is the vane of the feather?
the "feather" part- made up of rows of interlocking barbs, that hook together by barbules
27
What is the shaft of the feather?
the center support
28
What is the calamus?
the quill- embedded part of feather
29
What is a blood feather?
immature or pin feather; contains vascular calamus
30
What are pterylae?
feather tracts
31
What are apteria?
bare areas between pterylae
32
What is the preferred site for surgery in a bird?
apteria
33
What controls molting and how often does it happen?
Usually once per year after breeding; hormonally controlled in response to changes in temperature and day length
34
What are contour feathers?
large feathers that determine body contour; includes remiges and rectrices
35
What are remiges?
flight feathers
36
What are down feathers?
small fluffy feathers that insulate
37
Which type of feather has barbs that unite to form a closed vane?
contour feathers
38
Are flight feathers symmetrical or asymmetrical? Why?
Asymmetrical vane for aerodynamics
39
What kind of feather would you expect to see around the eye?
bristle feathers
40
What muscle is the main depressor of the wing?
pectoralis
41
What muscle is the main elevator of the wing?
supracoracoideus
42
Which muscle can be used to assess body condition?
pectoralis
43
Would you expect to find a deep part of pectoralis in soaring or non-soaring birds?
soaring
44
What is used to hold food in a birds mouth?
mechanical papillae
45
What is the oropharynx?
oral cavity + pharynx because there is no clear demarcation
46
What is the choana?
Slit in the palate- how the nasal cavity communicates with the oropharynx
47
What is the crop?
dilation of the esophagus at thoracic inlet
48
What is the proventriculus?
glandular stomach
49
What is the ventriculus?
muscular grinding organ
50
What is special about the duodenum of the bird?
u-shaped with pancreas in center
51
The ceca of birds in paired. True or false?
True
52
What is the cloaca?
Common opening for urinary, digestive, and reproductive systems
53
What is the gizzard?
ventriculus
54
The crop is a site of impaction. True or false?
true
55
What side of the neck is the esophagus on?
right
56
Wtf is crop milk?
Some species produce "crop milk" (desquamated epithelial cells) for 2 weeks to feed young
57
What is grit used for?
small stones to aid ventriculus function
58
What species have a more muscular ventriculus?
herbivores
59
If you have to open the gizzard, where would you do it?
blind sac
60
Birds lack a gallbladder. True or false?
False- only some species lack a gallbladder
61
What sinus easily spreads infection to air sac system?
infraorbital sinus
62
Are the tracheal rings complete, incomplete or overlapping in the bird?
complete
63
Which side of the neck is the trachea located?
right side
64
What is the syrinx?
the avian voicebox
65
Where is the syrinx?
bifurcation of trachea
66
What is clinically significant about the syrinx?
common site for foreign bodies
67
What is different about avian lung location?
dorsally located pressed against thoracic vertebrae
68
What is different about the avian diaphragm?
they dont have one
69
Where does gas exchange occur?
parabronchi and air capillaries
70
What happens during inspiration?
air moves into the air sacs
71
What happens during expiration?
air moves out of air sacs
72
Which air sacs get fresh air?
caudal air sacs
73
Explain inspiration 1 & 2 and expiration 1 & 2.
inspiration 1: air goes into caudal air sac expiration 1: air goes into lung inspiration 2: air goes into cranial air sac expiration 2: air goes out through trachea
74
Why is the avian respiratory system more efficient than mammals?
thinner blood-air barrier counter-current blood flow one-way air flow through lungs pulmonary rigidity
75
Mammals have less dead space than birds. True or false?
False- mammals have more dead space than birds
76
What are celomic cavities?
body cavities
77
How many celomic cavities do birds have?
16 8 air sacs 8 other body cavities
78
Which direction does the aortic arch go in the bird?
right
79
Birds have high blood pressure than mammals. True or false?
true
80
Birds have more ______ blood vessels to maintain __________ of the heart beat.
collagenous; blood pressure
81
Birds are more prone to atherosclerosis with age. True or false?
True
82
What are venipuncture sites for birds?
deep ulnar vein right jug medial metatarsal v toe-nail clipping for small amount
83
Which venipuncture site is least prone to extravasation?
right jug v
84
Birds have no urinary bladder or urethra. True or false?
True
85
Nerves from the rear limb go through the _____. Why is this clinically important?
kidney; kidney issues often present as a lameness
86
Which ovary is vestigial?
right
87
What organ is the female repro tract attached to?
left kidney
88
What does the oviduct consist of?
entire tract from infundibulum to vagina
89
One insemination for ___ days of fertilization.
10
90
What are the parts of the oviduct?
infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus, vagina
91
Where is the shell gland?
in the uterus

GA II (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions