Assignment 25 Equine Flashcards
Where is the sacrotuberous ligament in the dog?
between transverse process of last sacral vertebra and the ischial tuberosity
What replaces the sacrotuberous ligament in the ox and the horse?
sacrosciatic ligament
Where is the sacrosciatic ligament in the ox?
extends from lateral part of sacrum to the dorsal border of the ilium and ischium
Where is the sacrosciatic ligament of the horse?
extends between the transverse processes of the sacrum and first caudal vertebrae, and dorsal border of ilium and ischium
What is the difference between the ox and the horse sacrosciatic ligament attachments?
ox- attached to sacrum
horse- attached to sacrum AND 1st transverse process of caudal vertebrae
What is the difference between the ox and the horse sacrosciatic ligament visually?
ox- visible externally
horse- hidden under muscle
What is the difference between the ox and the horse regarding the size of the greater sciatic foramen?
ox- small
horse- large
What is the lumbosacral plexus?
lumbar plexus + sacral nerves
What runs through the female urethra?
urine only
What runs through the male urethra?
urine, semen, and seminal secretions
The female urethra is very _____(short/long) and opens into the _____.
short; vestibule
The female urethra opens into ________, immediately caudal to the ______ fold of ______ via ___________.
vestibule; transverse; hymen; external urethral orifce
What is the name of the orifice in which the female urethra opens into?
external urethral orifice
What are the two parts of the male urethra?
pelvic part (internal) penile part (external)
The pelvic urethra lies directly over what?
pelvic symphysis
What are the two parts of the pelvic urethra?
preprostatic part, prostatic part
Where does the preprostatic part of the pelvic urethra extend?
extends from the internal opening to the seminal hillock (seminal colliculus)
Where does the prostatic part of the pelvic urethra extend?
passes through prostate gland
What two other structures join the prostatic part?
vesicular ducts and deferent ducts (all pass through prostate gland together)
What structures join the preprostatic part?
none
How does the urethral wall aid in continence?
Urethral wall contains venous plexus, which has erectile properties that aid in continence
Which part of the male urethra is surrounded by urethralis m? What type of muscle is this?
pelvic urethra, striated
Which part of the male urethra is associated with accessory sex glands?
pelvic urethra
What makes up the external genitalia of the female?
vestibule, vulva, clitoris
The dorsal commissure is what shape in horses?
pointed
The ventral commissure is what shape in horses?
rounded
Which commissure encloses the large glans of the clitoris?
ventral commissure
Where does the vulva lie when the cleft is closed?
ventral to level of pelvic floor
Where does the vulva lie when the cleft is open? What causes this?
dorsal placement caused by wind-sucking
What can lead to can infection of the broad ligament?
wind-sucking
What are the parts of the clitoris?
cruca, body, and glans
Where is the glans of the clitoris?
lies in the clitoral fossa in the ventral end of the vulva
What forms the prepuce of the clitoral glans?
transverse fold of the vestibular mucosa and central ends of labia
Why are clitoral sinuses clinically important?
they can harbor microbes responsible for Contagious Equine Metritis
What species have a musculocavernous penis?
carnivores and horses
What species have a fibroelastic penis?
pigs and ruminants
In which type of penis do blood-filled spaces predominate over CT?
musculocavernous
Which type of penis has a sigmoid flexure?
fibroelastic
Which type of penis remains firm when it is not erect?
fibroelastic
Where does the penis originate?
as two cruca from ischial arch
What forms the root of the penis? What does it continue as?
two cruca converge to form root which continues as body of penis to glans of penis
What does the free extremity of the penis point towards?
umbilicus
What are the divisions of the penis?
root, body, free part (lies in prepuce)
What is considered erectile tissue?
corpus spongiosum
corpus cavernosum
Which erectile tissue provides rigidity?
corpus cavernosum
Which erectile tissue surrounds the penile urethra? What does it expand to form?
corpus spongiosum expands to form the glans and dorsal process of the glans
What caps the distal end of the corpus cavernosum?
glans penis
Glans penis extends caudally on the dorsal surface as ________.
dorsal process
What is the constriction of the middle of glans penis called?
collum glandis
Which part of the glans penis has conical papillae?
corona glandis
Which part of the glans penis has a circular edge?
corona glandis
What is the fossa glandis?
the cranial surface of the glans penis that is indented
What is the urethral sinus of the penis?
dorsal recess of the fossa glandis
What is another word for smegma and where is it located?
“bean”
In the recesses of the fossa glandis, the urethral sinces and two ventrolateral recesses
What forms the prepuce?
two folds of preputial skin
external fold = prepuce proper
internal fold = preputial fold
What does the external fold consist of?
external and internal lamina
What is the preputial orifice?
where the external and internal lamina meet cranially
What is the preputial ring?
where the inner and outer lamina of the internal fold meet cranially
What does the internal fold consist of?
inner and outer lamina
What is the preputial cavity?
the space between external fold and internal fold
What is axis of the testis of the horse?
horizontal
What is axis of the testis of the bull?
vertical
What is axis of the testis of the cat?
angled towards anus
What is axis of the testis of the dog?
horizontal
What is axis of the testis of the boar?
angled towards anus
What is the blood supply to the penis?
external pudendal a.
obturator a.
internal pudental a.
Which main artery of the penis gives off the cranial artery of the penis?
external pudendal a.
Which main artery of the penis terminates as the dorsal artery of the penis?
external pudendal a.
Which main artery of the penis terminates as the artery of the penis?
internal pudendal a.
Which main artery of the penis ends as the artery of the bulb of the penis?
internal pudendal a.
Which main artery of the penis gives off the middle artery of the penis?
obturator a.
Which main artery of the penis terminates as the deep artery of the penis?
oburator a.
