Ruminant Forelimb

Question 1

Fetlock Joint

Answer 1

• metacarpo-phalangeal joint

Question 2

Pastern Joint

Answer 2

• proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 3

Coffin Joint

Answer 3

• distal interphalangeal joint

Question 4

Bones involved in the shoulder joint

Answer 4

• scapulo-humeral joint

- glenoid cavity and head of the humerus

Question 5

What type of joint is the shoulder joint?

Answer 5

• spheroid (ball and socket)

- > flexion and extension

Question 6

Ligaments of the shoulder joint?

Answer 6

• NO true collateral ligaments

- > infraspinatus muscle and subscapularis muscle acts as contralateral ligaments

Question 7

Arthrocentesis

Answer 7

• the shoulder joint can be accessed at the cranial border of the infraspinatus muscle

Question 8

Intertubercular/Bicipital Bursa

Answer 8

• a bursa located between the bicipital groove and the bicipital tendon

Question 9

Bones involved in the carpal joint

Answer 9

• antebrachio-carpal-metacarpal joint)
• radius and ulna
• carpal bones
• metacarpal bones

Question 10

What type of joint is the carpal joint?

Answer 10

• compound synovial joint
  1. Antebrachiocarpal joint
  2. Middle carpal joint
  3. Carpometacarpal joint

Question 11

Intertubercular/bicipital bursa does not communicate with the shoulder joint in which species?

Answer 11

• Horse and Ox

Question 12

Intertubercular/bicipital bursa’s role is assumed as a pouch of the shoulder joint in which species?

Answer 12

• small ruminants

Question 13

Antebrachiocarpal Joint

Answer 13

• between the distal radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones
• > greatest movement occurs at this proximal articulation, as a result it is most prone to injury and inflammation

Question 14

Middle carpal joint

Answer 14

• between the two rows of carpal bones

- this joint communicates with the carpometacarpal joint and has considerable movement

Question 15

Carpometacarpal Joint

Answer 15

• between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones
• this joint communicates with the middle carpal joint and has very little or virtually no movement

Question 16

What two joints communicate with each other, therefore medication can be transferred from one to the other?

Answer 16

• middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint

Question 17

Knock knee stance in which species?

Answer 17

• medial anglutation of the carpus in small ruminants

Question 18

Carpal Hydroma

Answer 18

• inflammation of the subcutaneous precarpal bursa
• > excess synovial fluid
• occasionally enlarges to form a painless blemish known as a hygroma

Question 19

Fetlock Joint

Answer 19

• the first duplicated joint and most worked joint of the limb
• > metacarpophalangeal joint

Question 20

Fetlock Joint Bones involved

Answer 20

• metacarpal III and IV
• proximal phalanges
• proximal sesamoid bones
• > 2 per digit
• > articulate with the palmar aspect of the metacarpal condyle

Question 21

Fetlock joint type

Answer 21

• composite hinge joint

Question 22

Joint capsule of the fetlock joint

Answer 22

• the axial part of the joint capsules are fused and therefore communicate easily

Question 23

Ligaments of the fetlock joint

Answer 23

1. Collateral ligaments
2. Sesamoidean ligaments
3. Proximal interdigital ligament
   - absent in sheep

Question 24

Pastern Joint Bones involved

Answer 24

• proximal and middle phalanx

Question 25

Pastern Joint Type

Answer 25

- simple saddle joint

Question 26

Is there communication between the pastern joints?

Answer 26

- no, they have separate joint capsules

Question 27

What must be considered in dew-claw amputation?

Answer 27

- the dorsal pouches extend to the coffin joint pouches

Question 28

Ligaments of the pastern joint

Answer 28

- axial, intermediate and abaxial palmar ligaments