Ruminant Forelimb Flashcards
Fetlock Joint
- metacarpo-phalangeal joint
Pastern Joint
- proximal interphalangeal joint
Coffin Joint
- distal interphalangeal joint
Bones involved in the shoulder joint
- scapulo-humeral joint
- glenoid cavity and head of the humerus
What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
- spheroid (ball and socket)
- > flexion and extension
Ligaments of the shoulder joint?
- NO true collateral ligaments
- > infraspinatus muscle and subscapularis muscle acts as contralateral ligaments
Arthrocentesis
- the shoulder joint can be accessed at the cranial border of the infraspinatus muscle
Intertubercular/Bicipital Bursa
- a bursa located between the bicipital groove and the bicipital tendon
Bones involved in the carpal joint
- antebrachio-carpal-metacarpal joint)
- radius and ulna
- carpal bones
- metacarpal bones
What type of joint is the carpal joint?
- compound synovial joint
1. Antebrachiocarpal joint
2. Middle carpal joint
3. Carpometacarpal joint
Intertubercular/bicipital bursa does not communicate with the shoulder joint in which species?
- Horse and Ox
Intertubercular/bicipital bursa’s role is assumed as a pouch of the shoulder joint in which species?
- small ruminants
Antebrachiocarpal Joint
- between the distal radius and ulna and the proximal row of carpal bones
- > greatest movement occurs at this proximal articulation, as a result it is most prone to injury and inflammation
Middle carpal joint
- between the two rows of carpal bones
- this joint communicates with the carpometacarpal joint and has considerable movement
Carpometacarpal Joint
- between the distal row of carpal bones and the metacarpal bones
- this joint communicates with the middle carpal joint and has very little or virtually no movement
What two joints communicate with each other, therefore medication can be transferred from one to the other?
- middle carpal joint and carpometacarpal joint
Knock knee stance in which species?
- medial anglutation of the carpus in small ruminants
Carpal Hydroma
- inflammation of the subcutaneous precarpal bursa
- > excess synovial fluid
- occasionally enlarges to form a painless blemish known as a hygroma
Fetlock Joint
- the first duplicated joint and most worked joint of the limb
- > metacarpophalangeal joint
Fetlock Joint Bones involved
- metacarpal III and IV
- proximal phalanges
- proximal sesamoid bones
- > 2 per digit
- > articulate with the palmar aspect of the metacarpal condyle
Fetlock joint type
- composite hinge joint
Joint capsule of the fetlock joint
- the axial part of the joint capsules are fused and therefore communicate easily
Ligaments of the fetlock joint
- Collateral ligaments
- Sesamoidean ligaments
- Proximal interdigital ligament
- absent in sheep
Pastern Joint Bones involved
- proximal and middle phalanx
Pastern Joint Type
- simple saddle joint
Is there communication between the pastern joints?
- no, they have separate joint capsules
What must be considered in dew-claw amputation?
- the dorsal pouches extend to the coffin joint pouches
Ligaments of the pastern joint
- axial, intermediate and abaxial palmar ligaments
