Pelvis Flashcards
The penis is fibroelastic in which species?
- ruminants and pigs
The sigmoid flexure is caudal to the scrotum in this species?
- ruminants
What attaches the uterine horns of the cow together?
- the intercornuate ligaments
The sigmoid flexure is cranial to the scrotum in this species?
- boars
A blind sac is present in the dorsal wall, at the junction between the pelvic and penile parts of the urethra (urethral recess) in what species?
- bull/ram
Which species has the longest cervix?
- sow
Closed off by the pelvic diaphragm
- anal triangle
What could be a catheritization obstacle in the cervix of the cow?
- the circular folds (plicae circulares)
The retractor penis muscle is attached to the sigmoid flexure, what type of muscle is it?
- smooth muscle
Where can calculi lodge?
- at the sigmoid flexure and at the urethral process
What species is the suburethral diverticulum large in?
- cow
The non-fused parts of the uterine horn in the cow forms the ?
- uterine velum
The superficial gluteal muscle is small and fuses with the biceps femoris muscle
- gluteobiceps muscle in ruminants
Sacrosciatic ligament is well formed and the birth canal is almost straight
- sows
Prostate gland has a body (corpus) and a relatively large disseminate part (pars disseminata)
- Ox and porcine
How do fetal membranes attach to the caruncles?
- via cotyledons
Rectal part that attaches laterally to the rectum. The penile part runs over the root and surface of the body of the penis. Smooth muscle.
- retractor penis muscle
Male or Female: Shorter and more stout ilium
- male
Consists of the crus/root of the penis that is surrounded by the ischiocavernosus muscle
- “Pizzle eye”
Which species is missing the ampulla of the ductus deferens?
- porcine
The iliac shaft and the sacrotuberal ligament make up the ?
- lateral pelvic walls
Which species does NOT have a glans penis, or an ampulla?
- the boar
- > glans penis is called the terminal part of the penis and has a preputial diverticulum of the internal lamina
The cranial pelvic aperture in bovine is?
- oval and narrow/sma;;
The round ligament of the uterus is well developed in the _____, rudimentary in the ______ and absent in the _______
- dog
- mare
- ruminants and sow
Convex, round structures (caruncles) are arranged in how many rows?
- 4 rows
The uterine horn is what shape?
- spirally shaped
Other name for the glans penis of the bull
- galia glandis (helmet)
The table of the ischium in cows slope?
- sharply and caudodorsally
The caudal wall closing off the pelvic outlet
- the perineum
The glans penis of the bull is slightly twisted in what direction and why?
- anticlockwise to the left
- > because the apical ligament is asymmetrically developed, being thicker on the left side. As a result, at erection, the free end of the penis becomes twisted.
In the bull, it is long and the internal lamina may be excessively developed and prolapse through the preputial orifice. For this reason it is easily lacerated, swells and is retained outside
- the prepuce
The cervical wall merges smoothly with the uterus cranially and vagina caudally, so there are no vaginal fornices in what species?
- sow
The ventrolateral wall is formed by the ventral commissure of the labia
- fossa clitoridis
The caudal circular folds in the cow form the?
- portio vaginalis that projects into the vagina, thereby producing recesses (vaginal fornices)
In the ovine this is raised into a globular and highly cavernous structure
- glans penis
Ductus deferens and vesicular duct opens into the urethra through the colliculus seminalis
- ejaculatory duct
The mucosa of the cervix uteri in the what species has 3-4 circular folds and smaller longitudinal folds?
- cow
Closed off by the perineal membrane and urogenital muscles
- urogenital triangle/diaphragm
A gland in the ox that is lobulated and firm to touch
- vesicular gland
The fibromuscular mass that lies between the anus and the urogenital tract
- the perineal body
Transverse diameter, conjugate diameter, vertical diameter, pelvic inclination and pelvic axis are used for?
- Dimensions used to evaluate the birth canal
The ovaries are located on the ventrolateral border of the pelvic inlet in what species
- ruminants
What species has about 6 circular folds in the cervix uteri and a vaginal portio that is embedded in the vaginal floor
- ewe (female sheep)
- > difficult passage of instruments into and through the cervix
In the bull, the tunic albuginea covering both cavernous tissues are ______
- fused
Scrotum is glabrous(hairless) like the boar
- bull
Stout muscle investing the root of the penis. Used to determine the sex of the dressed carcass
- ischiocavernosus muscle
What is the only species that can have an inguinal hernia due to the round ligament?
- dog
In bovine, the pelvic inlet runs in which direction?
- cranioventral
Parenchyma is yellow
- bull
The cervix uteri has longitudinal folds and mucosal prominences that interlock in which species?
- sow
In ovine, this projects beyond the glans and is erectile in nature
- the free urethral process
Why is it bad that the uterus rests dorsally on the broad ligament in the cow?
- it predisposes the gravid uterus of the cow to torsion
The body of the penis forms what shape?
- S shape (sigmoid flexure)
- > caudal to the neck of the scrotum
Consists of an external lamina with is hairy and invaginates at the preputial orifice to form the hairless internal lamina
- the prepuce
Consists of the constrictor vestibuli, constrictor vulvae and retractor clitoridis
- urogenital triangle/diaphragm
What intertwines with the ovarian artery extensively and permits the countercurrent transfer of prostaglandins?
- ovarian vein
Scrotum is hairy
- small ruminants
Articularis coxae muscle is absent
- in ruminants
In what species is the vagina long, intraperitoneal craniodorsally, and has a caudal part of the tube that is retroperitoneal?
- cow
When placing a catheter, there is an implication for the urinary bladder you need to be careful of what is it?
- urethral recess in bulls/rams
- > a further obstacle after the sigmoid flexure of the penis
In bulls, tubular and attaches to the glans (not free), and has a rather narrow external urethral opening
- urethral process
- > therefore, bulls take their time urinating
Caruncles (parental) + cotyledons (fetal)
- form placentomes
The vulva commisures have a _____ (rounded/pointed) dorsal side and a _____(rounded/pointed) ventral side
- rounded
- pointed
Slope of pelvic inclination is about 45’, Tuber ischiadicum is trifid, the pelvic roof/floor is concave
- in the ox
There is a suburethral diverticulum which shares a common opening with the urethra into the vaginal vestibule, in what species
- female ruminants
Comprises the coccygeus m., levator ani m.m and internal/external fascia
- anal triangle
The ovary is has numerous protruding follicles and corpora lutea (resembles grapes). It also is close to the pelvic inlet. In what species?
- sow
Caruncles are concave and pigmented in which species?
- ewe (female sheep)
Parenchyma is white
- ovine (sheep)
In the cow, the oviduct/uterine tube merges gradually with what?
- the uterine horn
A fan shaped ligament that originates from the tunica albuginea and inserts on the free end of the penis?
- The apical ligament
Terminal part of the ductus deferens enlarges moderately and is glandular
- ampulla of the ductus deferens in ruminants
The suspensory ligament of the ovary is completely absent in what species?
- cow
The broad ligament is extensive in this species and the uterus rests dorsally on the broad ligament
- cow
What is the vein drainage in the reproductive organs of the cow?
- Ovarian vein = main vein draining the genitalia
- Accessory vaginal vein
- Vaginal vein
What is the artery supply in the reproductive organs of the cow?
- Ovarian artery
- Uterine artery = main artery
- Vaginal artery
This gland in the ox/small ruminants has a single excretory duct that opens into the urethral recess
- Bulbourethral gland
No internal obturator muscle
- in ruminants
The rump is concave and poorly muscles because the hamstrings muscles have no vertebral heads
- in bovine
Pelvic floor is flat and horizontal in this species
- ovine/caprine (ewe and goat)
This species has the longest uterine horn and is flexous (loose coils)
- sow
Prostate gland only has a disseminate part (pars disseminata)
- small ruminants
The ovary is oval and relatively small, the follicles and corpora lutea project above the surface in what species
- cow
Why is the penis fibroelastic in ruminants and pigs?
- Because they have very little corpus cavernosus tissue
- > the cavernous spaces are not well developed
Male or Female: The greater ischiadic notch is wider
- female
The terminal part of the urethra
- urethral process
