Equine Abdomen Flashcards
1
Q
When is the musculoaponeurotic boundary evident?
A
- musculoaponeurotic boundary of the external oblique muscle
- evident in horses suffering from heaves
- > expiratory difficulty
- > known as the heave line
2
Q
Superficial Thoracic Vein
A
- Known as the spur vein
- may be obvious during heaves
- > can be bruised after a raise because its where the riders spur hits when they kick
3
Q
Where is the cutaneous muscle well developed?
A
- in the superficial fascia
- ventral line from the withers to the stifle joint
4
Q
Rectus abdominis muscle
A
- provides insertion for other muscles by means of the linea alba that separates the left and right muscles
- > linea alba is strong and supportive and relatively avascular
5
Q
Rectus Sheath contains
A
- Orientation to rectus abdominis
- Dorsal: Transverse abdominal muscle to insert on linea alba
- Ventral: External abdominal oblique muscle and internal abdominal oblique muscle to insert on linea alba
6
Q
Superficial (external) Inguinal Ring
A
- slit in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
- > divides into lateral and medial crura of the aponeurosis
7
Q
Lateral Crus of the superficial inguinal opening
A
- connected to the medial thigh fascia by CT
- > Femoral Lamina (ONLY IN THE HORSE)
8
Q
Femoral Lamina
A
- ONLY in the HORSE
- when the hip joint is maximally extended, there is a lot of pull on the lateral crus of the superficial inguinal opening which causes an inguinal hernia in the horse
- > can occur when the hindlimb of a stallion slips or during mating
9
Q
Inguinal Hernia
A
- passage of any of the abdominal viscera through the vaginal ring into the cavity of the vaginal process
- > uncommon in horses
10
Q
How can you palpate for an inguinal hernia?
A
- the vaginal ring can be palpated per rectum
11
Q
Stomach Characteristics
A
- small and simple
- left craniodorsal part of the abdominal cavity!!!!!
- remarkably flexed with a close opening and exit, so deep angular notch (similar to lesser curvature)
- NO contact with the abdominal floor even when full
12
Q
Where is the stomach of the horse found?
A
- Left craniodorsal aspect of the peritoneal cavity
- the stomach is inaccessible by rectal palpation, or through flank incision
- > will not see it with a midventral incision, or a flank incision because it is dorsal to the colon
13
Q
Saccus cecus
A
- the blind sac above the esophagus
- > in the pig it is the ventricular diverticulum
14
Q
Margo plicatus
A
- divides the distal glandular mucosa from the proximal non-glandular abrasive mucosa
15
Q
Why do horses not eructate nor vomit?
A
- The esophagus enters the lesser curvature of the stomach quite obliquely
- The cardiac sphincter is very thick and effective
- Most well developed of the species
