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Animal nutrition > Ruminant Digestion > Flashcards

Ruminant Digestion Flashcards

1
Q

how many domesticated ruminants in the world

A

2.8 billion

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2
Q

pregasttic fermentation

A

ability to chew cud @ frequent intervals

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3
Q

stomachs

A

reticulum
rumen
omasum
abomasum

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4
Q

ruminare

A

cud chewing, even toed hooves mammals

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5
Q

tylopoda

A

even toed with fleshy pads rather than hooves

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6
Q

feeding strategies

A

bulk and roughage eaters grasers- cows
concentrate selectors (browser)-deer
intermediate feeders- sheep, goats

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7
Q

concrete selectors-

A

select a diet rich in easily digestible plant parts. lower capacity to digest cell walls eats small amounts frequently

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8
Q

intermediate feeders-

A

vary diet between grazing or browsing seasonally adaptive

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9
Q

upper tooth cheek is in contact with two lower cheek teeth

A

true

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10
Q

salvia

A

submaxillary, sublingual, parotid

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11
Q

how much does a sheep saliva produce per day

A

7 L/D

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12
Q

how much does a cow saliva produce per day

A

150 L/d

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13
Q

is there digestive enzymes in the salvia of mature ruminants?

A

no

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14
Q

what elements are present I saliva

A

N,P,S Na

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15
Q

esophagus

A

different from monogatstricsc
striated muscle along the entire length
provides greater strength
funnel shaped

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16
Q

inner mucosa

A

lined with stratified (several layers) squamous (flattened) epithelium
protective in nature
flexible can stretch
no absorption from oesophagus
can lubrication

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17
Q

outer muscular tunic

A

striated muscle
food movesby peristaltic contractions
NB in rumination negative pressure

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18
Q

when is rumen fully developed

A

3 months

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19
Q

% rumen VS abomasum when could is born

A

30% VS 70%

20
Q

% Rumen VS abomasum when cow is mature?

A

7% 80%

21
Q

rumen

A

large anaerobic fermentation vat

22
Q

rumen capacity

A

cow- normal 25-30 gallons MAX 55-60 gallons
ewe-Normal 3-5 gallons MAX 5-10 gallons
Temperature - 38-42

23
Q

VFA Ratio- 70;20;10

A

acetate; propionate; butyrate

24
Q

protozoa-
bacteria/fungi

A

100,000/gram of rumen fluid
100 million/gram of rumen fluid

25
Q

functions of microorganisms-

A

digest roughages to make VFA, make microbial protein and make vitamins K and B complex

26
Q

where are VFA absorbed?

A

in the rumen

27
Q

VFA

A

Acetic acid
Propionic acid
butyric acid

28
Q

high concentration diet

A

more propionate

29
Q

high forge diet

A

more acetate

30
Q

how long does rumination occupy their day

A

1/3

31
Q

eructation (belching) production per hour cattle sheep

A

30-50 litres per hour
5-7 L/hour

32
Q

belching allows ruminants to get rid of fermentation gases.

A

bloating can cause death from asphyxiation (death as a result of lack of o2)

33
Q

how many times more potent is methane than C02

A

27X

34
Q

AG accounts for X% if total Irish GHG emissions

A

37%

35
Q

enteric methane accounts for approx x% total Irish ag emissions

A

60%

36
Q

reticulum

A

honeycomb lining
regurgitation initiated here
collects hardware ( nails, wire etc)

37
Q

omasum

A

heavy hard organ with lining that has many folds
believed to produce a grinding action on foodstuff
absorption of water 〰60% removed

38
Q

abomasum (true gastric stomach)

A

cardiac, fundric, pyloric
ph decreases 6-2.5
denatures proteins
kills bacteria
dissolves minerals
*** unique feature secrets Lysozyme

39
Q

lysozyme

A

secreted by the abomasum
enzymes that breaks down bacterial cell walls
needed to breakdown large amounts of bacteria that pass from the rumen

40
Q

Pancreatic secretions

A

2.2-4.8 L/day (cattle )
0.3-0.4 L/day (Sheep)
secretion Ph- 7.2-7.8

41
Q

LI- Digestion in colon may account for as much as X% Cellulose
X% hemicellulose
X% starch

A

27%
40%
10%

42
Q

the faster the rate of digestion the quicker the rumen is emptied

A

= increase in feed intake

43
Q

reduced digestiliby

A

= increased Ph

44
Q

how many methanogens are identified

A

30 species

45
Q

Fungi

A

strictly anaerobic and their lifecycle includes a motile phase (zoospore) negative phases ( sporangium)

46
Q

Animals cant digest XXX so microbes do it

A

B-Linked polysaccharides and non protein nitrogen

Animal nutrition (8 decks)

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