Feed analysis

Question 1

fat soluable vits

Answer 1

A,D,E,K

Question 2

Water soluable fits

Answer 2

B,C

Question 3

Macro Vitamines

Answer 3

Calicum
Phosphorus
potassium
sodium
chlorine
sulphur

Question 4

mico

Answer 4

iron
molybdenum
zinc
copper
manganese
selenium
chromium
iodine

Question 5

dry matter

Answer 5

= 100-moisture%

Question 6

feeds containing <10% mositure called

Answer 6

air dried food

Question 7

ash

Answer 7

The residue from burning any biological
material in a furnace for more than 5
hours at 550°C is called ash

Question 8

ash essential elements
Major
Trace

Answer 8

Ca,P (phosphorus ) ,K (potassium),Na
Fe, Cu, Co (cobalt), I (iodine), Zn, Se (Selenium)

Question 9

Non essential

Answer 9

Ti(titanium), Al, B (Boron), Pb (Lead)

Question 10

crude protein

Answer 10

any compound that contains Nitrogen

Question 11

Crude Protein

Answer 11

Crude protein = N x 6.25, where N is nitrogen (%)
* Factor of 6.25 is based on the fact that protein
contains 16% nitrogen

Question 12

cell content
cell wall

Answer 12

40%

60% cell wall
30% cellulose
25% hemicellulose
5% lignin

Question 13

Nitrogen Free Extract

Answer 13

NFE = [1000 – (sum of the amounts
(expressed in g/kg) of moisture + ash + crude
protein + ether extract + crude fibre)]

Question 14

Limitations of feed analyses

Answer 14

Crude protein: Overestimates feed protein values
because some nitrogen is inorganic (nitrates,
ammonium salts & urea – which is 46% nitrogen)

Total ash: It is not truly representative of mineral levels in either quantitative or qualitative terms

Crude fiber: It does not give a true estimate of the
least digestible part of fiber in many feedstuffs –
particularly straw Ether extract The EE is supposed to contain only true fats i.e. esters of fatty acids with glycerol

Question 15

energy content of grass leafy spring grass
stemmy autumn grass

Answer 15

1.05 UFL/kg dry matter
0.85 UFL/kg dry matter

Question 16

how often rotating grass paddocks
length grass should be kept at

Answer 16

21 days
4cm

Question 17

DMD

Answer 17

Dry matter digestibility

Question 18

OMD

Answer 18

Organic matter digestibly

Question 19

DOMD/ D

Answer 19

Dry organic matter digestiblity

Question 20

in sacco degradability technique

Answer 20

n sacco degradability technique
* Animals fitted with a rumen cannula can be used to
estimate the rumen degradability of proportion of a food
* Small bags made of permeable synthetic material are
inserted into the rumen through the cannula and incubated
for different periods of time
* Withdrawn and then washed and dried to determine the
amount of undigested material remaining
* The disappearance of food at any time point can then be
predicted mathematically
* A commonly used procedure to measure protein supply to
ruminants

Question 21

Factors of digestibly

Answer 21

Food composition
-fibre fraction decides how digestible food is
-amount of fibre and chemical composition is important
-Cell contents are almost completely digested (i.e. true
digestibility = 100)
* Apparent digestibility will be 10 – 15% lower due to
excretion of metabolic products of the gut/ cellular
material
* Cell wall digestibility is much more variable and
dependent on the extent of lignification
* Cell wall digestibility also dependent on the structure of
the tissues

Ration composition
digestion influence by other foods given in the diet (may be positive or negative)

Food processing
chopping, grinding (causes an alleration through the rumen and reduction in fibre) , cooking, crushing

Question 22

cereal grains should be X for cattle and X for pigs

Answer 22

crushed from cattle and Grounded for pigs

Question 23

Beta-glucanase added to what cereal and what animals feed?

Answer 23

barley and poultry

Question 24

phytase is and enzyme added to pig feed to allow them to

Answer 24

Utilised phosphorus

Question 25

highly digestible feeds are better
digested by sheep, while low digestible foods are
better digested by cattle