Monogastric Lipid Digestion Flashcards
Fat is X in water but X in common organic Solvents
insoluble & soluble
Plant lipids structural
membranes & protective surface layers
surface lipids- waxes, membrane lipids present in Mitochondria ER and plasma
Plant storage lipids where?
in fruits and seeds (mainly triaclyglycerols)
unsaturated fatty acids have x melting point and x chemically reactive than saturated fatty acids
lower melting point
are more chemically reactive
linoleic & linolenic
oilseed & linseed
grass and forages generally high in both linoleic and linolenic acids
linoleic & linolenic
oilseed & linseed
grass and forages generally high in both linoleic and linolenic acids
Glycolipds
2 alcohol groups of glycerol are esterified by fatty acids and the other is linked to a sugar residue
the lipids of grasses and clovers
Galactolipids
phospholipids
phosphorus containing compounds based on fatty acids esterified with glycerol or nitrogenous base
waxes
mixtures of esters of high molecular weight fatty acids with high molecular weight monohydric alcohol
(no nutritional value) usually have a protective function
Steroids (sterols, bile acids, adrenal hormones and sex hormones)
common structural unit of a phenanthrene nucleus linked to a cyclopentane ring
why are fats and oils added to feed?
- used in formation of high energy diets
- 2.25x the available energy than carbs
- decrease dust
- Lubricate and lessen wear on feed prep
- as a binder
- Promote intake
- Give horses glossier coats
- Health benefits
Gross Energy Values MJ GE/kg
Carbs (starch and cellulose)
Protein
Fats & oils
17.5 MJ GE/kg
23.6 MJ GE/kg
39.3 MJ GE/kg
weight for weight fat is X times more effective in energy storage vs glycogen
6
what do you want the level of free fatty acids to be at %
<15%
when FA aren’t attached to other molecules they are know as
Free fatty acids
Grade 2 tallow
<5% 39MJ/kg DM
Grade 4 tallow
<14% FFA
Badly stored tallow
FFA>40%»_space;30 MJ/kg DM
Fatty acids <20 prone to
rancidity
Fatty acids below 18 and above 20 should be minimised to below
2.5%
AME-
Gross energy of the feed consumed - the gross energy contained in the excreta
AME is a measure of the amount of energy in the food that an animal can use for its bodily functions after accounting for the energy lost in its excreta.
saturated fatty acids are absorbed how?
poorly
vegetable fats high in unsaturated fatty acids of longer chained. length are readily absorbed and highly digestible
true
fatty acids @ rm temperature undergo a chemical change known as
autoxidation (fatty acids breaks down into hydrocarbonds, ketones and aldehydes )
natural fats have a certain degree of resistance oxidation is due to the presence of
antioxidants (Tocopherols, phenols, quinones, tocopherols, gallic and gallate’s)
most NB antioxidant is
Vit E
lecithin
impores dressing % and decreases chewiness
Omega 3 fatty acids
anti inflam
reduces heart disease
reduces depression
reduces behavioural problems in children
improves learning ability
impress eye health
where is fat digested
SI
Excess fat where does it go?
Fatty acids catabolised in excess of the liver’s
requirement for energy are changed to (L-)-
hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, which are
transported to various tissues and used as sources of
energy.
