Ruminant Anaesthesia Flashcards
Can you give an example of some situations when GA would be used in ruminants over standing and local anaesthesia?
Urethrostomy, umbilical hernia, enucleation, some orthopaedic problems
What are some of the major issues with ruminant GA?
Handling and restraint, regurgitation and aspiration, salivation, bloat, changes in BP, hypoventilation, myopathy/neuropathy, fluid/electrolyte imbalances
How long should you starve a ruminant before GA? How long should water be witheld? Why is this so important?
Starve for 18-24 hours, with hold water for 12 hours. Important as it can cause regurgitation/aspiration if the rumen is very full (also prevent by positioning)
What type of sedatives is used in Ruminants? Why do you have to be careful in ruminants?
Alpha 2 agonists (Xylazine, Detomidine), give 2% xylazine only as they are very sensitive. Xylazine also should be used with care in pregnant animals.
What types of injectable induction agents can be used in ruminants?
Mainly Ketamine and Thiopentone used. None of following liscensed: Propofol and benzodiazapenes is good for small ruminants, GGE, Alphaxalone used for goat disbudding.
How is Ketamine administered to ruminants for induction of anaesthesia?
IV or IM. It is used in lots of different combinations e.g. triple drips.
What inhalational maintenance agent can be used in ruminants?
Isoflurane
Can you name five liscensed NSAID’s in ruminants?
Meloxicam, flunixin, Ketoprofen, Carprofen, Tolfenamic acid (REMEMBER ALL HAVE MEAT/MILK WITHDRAWAL PERIODS)
What types of local anaesthetic drugs are liscensed (under EU law) in ruminants? What about lidocaine?
Procaine, Benzocaine, Tetracaine. Lidocaine is not liscensed.
How do you intubate an adult cow?
Intubate blindly or by feel.
How do you intubate small ruminants or young cattle?
Laryngoscope
What Opiods are liscensed in Ruminants?
Butorphanol only. However Buprenorphine, Morphine/methadone, Pethidine (IM only) can be used effectively.
