Induction Injectable Drugs Flashcards
How is Propofol administered? What can it be used for?
Propofol has to be I.V. It can be used for induction and maintenance (TIVA).
What are the side effects of Propofol?
CVS depression (vasodilation and decreased BP), and resp depression.
What are the contraindications of Propofol?
Metabolism is slow in cats (slower recovery), and it also has a cumulative effect so DON’T USE LONG TERM, not good for CVS compromised patients.
What is it important to know about the shelf life of Propofol? How can this be overcome?
It has shelf life of 1 day. Can use Propofol plus (28d shelf life) - however have to be careful of benzyl alcohol preservative toxicity in both cats and dogs.
How is Alfaxalone administered? What can it be used for? How quick is the onset and duration?
IV or IM. It can be used for induction and maintenance (TIVA). Rapid onset, short duration.
How is Ketamine administered? What can it be used for?
IV or IM (though pain when IM), ALWAYS given with another drug as causes muscle rigidity. It is used for induction and maintenance, and is both anaesthetic and analgesic.
Why is it harder to determine anaesthetic depth when inducing with ketamine?
Reflexes are preserved e.g. jaw tone, palpebral reflex, swallowing.
What are the side affects of ketamine?
Muscle rigidity (always give with other drugs), stimulates symp effects in CNS (mild hypertension, tachycardia), mild resp depression.
What are the contraindications of ketamine?
Seizure patients, neurologic procedures, HCM, hyperthyroidism, renal insufficiency in cats.
What are some typical examples of when Ketamine is used as an inducation agent?
Agressive cat - triple combination ketamine, metdetomidine, opioid.
Horses - after A2 agonist.
Is Thiopentone liscensed? When may it be used? How quick is the onset and duration?
Not liscensed, but may see in horses. Rapid onset, slow metabolism and recovery (accumulates in fat)
What are the side effects of Thiopentone?
Irritant if given extravascular, CVS/Resp depression similar to Propofol.
What are the contraindications of Thiopentone?
Animals with CVS compromise, low PCV, hepatic insufficiency
When is Etomidate commonly used as an induction agent? Is it liscensed?
Good for sick/compromised patients as minimal CVS/Resp depression. Unliscensed. Does depress adrenal gland function
